COMENIUS PROJECT YOUTH WITHOUT BORDERS – TEENAGE MIGRATION IN EUROPE LAWS AND REGULATIONS ON IMMIGRATION IN THE SEVEN PARTICIPATING COUNTRIES.

Presentazione sul tema: "COMENIUS PROJECT YOUTH WITHOUT BORDERS – TEENAGE MIGRATION IN EUROPE LAWS AND REGULATIONS ON IMMIGRATION IN THE SEVEN PARTICIPATING COUNTRIES."— Transcript della presentazione:

1 COMENIUS PROJECT YOUTH WITHOUT BORDERS – TEENAGE MIGRATION IN EUROPE LAWS AND REGULATIONS ON IMMIGRATION IN THE SEVEN PARTICIPATING COUNTRIES

2 COMENIUS PROJECT YOUTH WITHOUT BORDERS- TEENAGE MIGRATION IN EUROPE LAWS AND REGULATIONS ON IMMIGRATION IN THE SEVEN PARTICIPATING COUNTRIES

3 German legislation on immigration 1

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5 Access to Education ARTTCLE-89 1-An applicant or a beneficiary of international protection and his or her family members shall have access to primary and secondary edu- cation services. Access to Social Assistance and services ARTTCLE-90 1-An applicant or a beneficiary of international protection shall have access to social assistance and services if they are needy Pocket Money ARTTCLE-94 1-Except those who fall under the scope of Articles 72 and 79 of this Law, an applicant who is identified as being in need, may be provided with a pocket money in accordance with procedures and principles determined by the Ministry upon approval of the Ministry of Finance. Temporary Protection ARTTCLE-96 1Temporary protection may be provided to foreigners who have been forced to leave their country and cannot return to the country they left, have arrived at or crossed the borders of Turkey in masses seeking emergency and temporary protection. 2Proceedings to be followed on reception into, stay in, rights and ob- ligations in, exit from Turkey of such persons, along with measures to be taken against mass movements as well as cooperation and coordi- nation among national and international institutions and organizations, designation of powers and duties of institutions and organizations that will function at the central or provincial level, shall be governed by a regulation to be issued by the Council of Ministers. 3

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7 On top of that he/ she is not allowed to have any previous convictions. There are the following alternatives for an immigrant to get a settle- ment permit, for example, if he/ she. I) 2) 3) 4). invests I.000.000 in Germany.. provides I0 new jobs in Germany.. is highly qualified.. is in possession of the EU Blue Card. The EU Blue Card: Citizens of countries that are not members of the EU can acquire the EU Blue Card that is limited to 4 years, and can live in Germany if they have an approved graduate degree and earn at least 46.400 per year. In so-called understaffed occupations (engineer, doctor, math- ematician), the acquirers of the EU Blue Card have to earn at least 36.I92 per year. German Citizenship The requirement to get the citizenship of Germany is a valid residence permit. Moreover, the person has to live at least 8 years in Germany. The immigrant has to be able to pay his living costs on his/ her own and he/ she needs to have enough knowledge of the German language. In addition, one has to make an oath to the democratic system and pass the naturalisation test. 5

8 Our sources: I) http://www.auswaertiges- amt.de/DE/EinreiseUndAufenthalt/ Zuwanderungsrecht_node.html http://www.auswaertiges- amt.de/DE/EinreiseUndAufenthalt/ 2)http://www.aufenthaltstitel.de/stichwort/zuwg.htmlhttp://www.aufenthaltstitel.de/stichwort/zuwg.html 3)http://www.bluecard-eu.de/blaue-karte-eu-deutschland/http://www.bluecard-eu.de/blaue-karte-eu-deutschland/ 4)http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaue_Karte_EUhttp://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaue_Karte_EU 6

9 Italian legislation on immigration 7

10 Background Per la sua posizione geografica, distesa all'interno del mar Mediterra- neo, l'Italia e stata meta, negli ultimi vent'anni, di grandi flussi migra- tori. Con oltre 8000 chilometri di coste, l'Italia e considerata la porta di ingresso piu facilmente accessibile per raggiungere l'Europa. Gli immigrati piu numerosi sono i marocchini (112.614 uomini e 46.985 donne), vengono, poi, gli albanesi (91.144 uomini e 50.922 donne), i rumeni (35.345 uomini e 33.584 donne), i tunisini e i senegalesi (con piu di 40.000 presenze fra uomini e donne). L'incidenza sulla popolazione e piu elevata al Centro (4 stranieri ogni 100 abitanti), seguita poi dal Nord (31%), dal Sud (1,2%) e dalle isole (1,2%). Accanto agli immigrati regolari, in possesso di permesso di soggiorno, c'e un elevato numero di immigrati clandestini, difficilmente quantifi- cabile. Secondo le stime della Caritas, l'agenzia della chiesa cattolica impegnata nel lavoro di assistenza agli immigrati, in Italia si dovrebbe- ro trovare oltre un milione di immigrati clandestini. Un primo tentativo di regolarizzazione e integrazione dei flussi migra- tori e stato realizzato all'inizio degli anni Novanta con la legge 39/90 (cosiddetta "Legge Martelli"). Obiettivo della legge era di pianificare i flussi di entrata da concordare con i paesi di provenienza. Nel 1998 il governo ha emanato la legge 40/98 (la "Turco-Napolitano) che costi- tuiva un tentativo organico di regolarizzazione e di integrazione degli immigrati extracomunitari. La legge La legge 189 del 30 luglio 2002, denominata legge Bossi-Fini dal nome dei suoi presentatori, modifica la legge del 1998 e introduce nuove clausole. I punti piu rilevanti sono i seguenti. Ogni anno, entro il 30 novembre, il presidente del Consiglio ha la re- sponsabilita di definire le quote massime di lavoratori extracomunitari da ammettere in Italia per l'anno successivo. Per persone altamente specializzate (lettori universitari, professori universitari, infermieri professionali, ecc.) non e prevista alcuna limitazione all'ingresso. 8

11 Background Italy has seen important inward migration during the past 20 years. Given its position in the centre of the Mediterranean, and with over 8,000 kilometres of coastline, Italy is considered the most accessible entrance to Europe by many migrants. Moroccans are the most numerous immigrants (112,614 men and 46,985 women), followed by Albanians (91,144 men and 50,922 women), Romanians (35,345 men and 33,584 women), Tunisians and Senegalese (more than 40,000 immigrants each). The number of im- migrants is highest in the Centre of Italy (4% of the population), fol- lowed by the North (3.1%), the South (1.2%) and the islands (1.2%). Besides legal immigrants, who have a regular residence permit, there are numerous illegal immigrants, whose number is hard to quantify. According to Caritas (the agency of the catholic church which assists immigrants) there are about 1 million illegal immigrants in Italy. Previous attempts at regulation The first attempt at regularising and integrating immigrants in Italy was launched at the beginning of the 1990s through Law 39/90 (the so-called 'Martelli law'). The objective of this law was to plan migra- tory flows into Italy in collaboration with the immigrants' countries of origin. In 1998, the government issued Law 40/98 (the so-called 'Tur- co-Napolitano law') which was an attempt to regularise the position of non-EU immigrants and improve their integration. Immigration law Law No. 189 of 30 July 2002, known as the 'Bossi-Fini law' after the names of the politicians who proposed it, amends the 1998 immigra- tion law and introduces new clauses. The most significant aspects of the law are as follows: each year, before 30 November, the Prime Minister will lay down the number of non-EU workers who can be admitted into Italy in the following year; there are no limitations to entry into Italy for highly-skilled workers (university lecturers and professors, professional nurses etc); 9

12 L'ingresso in Italia sara permesso soltanto a coloro che avranno un "contratto di soggiorno", cioe un contratto di lavoro subordinato stipu- lato fra un datore di lavoro (sia esso un imprenditore o una famiglia) e un prestatore di lavoro extracomunitario. Il contratto dovra prevedere, garante il datore di lavoro, anche la disponibilita di un alloggio e il pa- gamento delle spese di viaggio per il rientro del lavoratore nel paese di origine. Le ambasciate o i consolati italiani rilasceranno il visto d'in- gresso solo a coloro in possesso di questo contratto. Allo scadere del contratto, il lavoratore dovra fare ritorno al suo paese d'origine. In ogni provincia verra istituito uno sportello unico per l'immigrazi- one, che sara responsabile dell'intero procedimento relativo all'assun- zione di lavoratori subordinati stranieri a tempo determinato e indeter- minato. Allo sportello unico verranno presentate anche le domande di ricon- giungimento familiare di cui avranno diritto i cittadini extracomunitari in regola con i permessi. I parenti ammessi saranno quelli di primo grado (coniuge e figli) e i genitori con piu di 65 anni di eta privi di altro sostentamento. Il permesso di soggiorno per lavoro avra una durata massima di due anni, anche se il lavoratore avra un contratto di lavoro subordinato a tempo indeterminato. Al momento dell'istruttoria per il rilascio del permesso di soggior- no il cittadino extracomunitario sara obbligato a rilasciare le impronte digitali. Dopo sei anni di regolare soggiorno sul territorio italiano ed essendo in possesso di requisiti economici che garantiscano il sostentamento per se e la propria famiglia, il cittadino extracomunitario potra avere una carta di soggiorno a tempo indeterminato in sostituzione del per- messo di soggiorno. Gli extracomunitari entrati in Italia irregolarmente saranno espulsi mediante "accompagnamento alle frontiere". L'espulsione sara imme- diatamente esecutiva ed il provvedimento non sara sospeso neppure nel caso in cui l'immigrato ricorra in tribunale. I clandestini fermati dalla polizia saranno condotti in appositi Centri di permanenza. Nei 60 giorni successivi si cerchera di scoprirne l'iden- tita. Se l'esito sara negativo al clandestino verra 10

13 other non-EU immigrants will be allowed entry into Italy only if they have a 'residence contract' (contratto di soggiorno) - ie a contract of dependent employment signed by an employer (a firm or a family) and the immigrant worker. The contract must provide for accommodation and the payment of travel expenses for the workers to return to their country of origin. Italian embassies and consulates will issue entry vi- sas only on these conditions. When the contract expires, the immigrant worker must return to the country of origin; a specific immigration office is be set up in each province of Italy to oversee the entire recruitment procedure for immigrant workers on both open-ended and fixed-term contracts. the new offices will also deal with applications for non-EU citizens to enter Italy for purposes of family reunification. Only non-EU immi- grants with a regular residence permit will be entitled to present this kind of application with regard to their family members. Only 'first degree' relatives will be admitted - spouses, children and parents over 65 years of age with no other form of support; residence permits issued for reasons of employment will last for a maximum of two years, even if the worker concerned has an open-end- ed contract of employment. when their residence permit is issued, immigrant workers must pro- vide their fingerprints; after six years of regular residence in Italy, non-EU citizens with the necessary economic requisites to sustain themselves and their families will be able to receive a form of permanent permit instead of a tempo- rary residence permit; irregular immigrants will be deported and accompanied to Italy's borders. Deportation will be immediate and will not be suspended even if the immigrant appeals to the courts; suspected illegal immigrants stopped by the police will be taken to specific centres controlled by the police. The authorities will try to dis- cover their identity during the following 60 days. If they are found to be illegal immigrants, they will be ordered to leave the country within five days (a period they must spend in the centre). If they fail to do so, the illegal immigrants will be arrested for between six months and a year or deported and 11

14 "intimato" di lasciare il paese entro 5 giorni (che trascorrera nei centri di permanenza). Se cio non dovesse avvenire il clandestino verra in- carcerato per un periodo da sei mesi ad un anno o espulso, con accom- pagnamento alla frontiera. Se il clandestino dovesse rientrare in Italia sara arrestato e sottoposto a giudizio. Otterranno il permesso di soggiorno al compimento della maggiore eta i minori extracomunitari residenti in Italia almeno da tre anni e che abbiano seguito un progetto di integrazione sociale e civile di un ente pubblico o privato. L'ente gestore dovra garantire che il ragazzo abbia una casa, che frequenti corsi di studio o che abbia un lavoro. Per gli immigrati presenti in Italia e prevista una sanatoria che con- sentira la regolarizzazione dei lavoratori immigrati che abbiano un lav- oro e che risiedano in Italia da almeno tre mesi. Il decreto: la regolarizzazione dei lavoratori extracomunitari Il decreto legislativo del 6 settembre 2002 prevede la regolarizzazione di due tipi di lavoratori extracomunitari: quelli impegnati come col- laboratori domestici o come badanti e quelli impegnati in altro lavoro subordinato. Potranno regolarizzarsi anche gli immigrati che hanno il permesso di soggiorno scaduto ma non potranno farlo coloro che sono stati colpiti da un provvedimento di espulsione. A tutti i lavoratori extracomunitari regolarizzati verra rilasciato un per- messo di soggiorno di durata corrispondente alla durata del contratto di lavoro (ma, comunque, non superiore a due anni anche in caso di contratto di lavoro a tempo indeterminato). 12

15 accompanied to the borders. If illegal immigrants return to Italy, they will be arrested and tried by the courts; non-EU minors living in Italy will obtain a residence permit once they reach adult age (18 years ) provided that they already have lived in Italy for at least three years and have attended a social and civil integration programme provided by a public or private organisation. This organisation must also guarantee that they have accommodation and attend school or go to work. for irregular immigrants already in Italy, the law provides for an am- nesty which will allow the regularisation of the position of those who have worked and lived in Italy for at least three months. The new law came into force on 26 August 2002. Decree on regularisation A decree-law issued by the cabinet on 6 September 2002 provides for the regularisation of the position of two types of irregular immigrant workers: those employed as domestic workers and home-helper; and dependent workers involved in other kinds of subordinate employ- ment. Immigrants whose residence permits have expired will also be able to regularise their situation, provided that they have not received a deportation order. All regularised immigrants workers will receive a residence permit with a duration equal to the duration of their employ- ment contract, but in any case no longer than two years. 13

16 Our sources: http://italian-immigration-law http://strugglesinitaly.wordpress.com/equality/en-immigration-poli- http://italian-immigration-law http://strugglesinitaly.wordpress.com/equality/en-immigration-poli- cies-in-italy/ http://www.eurofound.europa.eu http://www.ehow.com/about_55l6656_italian-immigration-require- http://www.eurofound.europa.eu http://www.ehow.com/about_55l6656_italian-immigration-require- ments.html http://www.emnitaly.it/down/pb-20-0l.pdf 14

17 Lithuanian legislation on immigration 15