The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) Experiment B. Bertucci Univ. of Perugia & INFN

USA FLORIDA A&M UNIV. FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY MIT - CAMBRIDGE NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER NASA JOHNSON SPACE CENTER TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY UNIV. OF MARYLAND - DEPT OF PHYSICS YALE UNIVERSITY - NEW HAVEN MEXICO UNAM DENMARK UNIV. OF AARHUS FINLAND HELSINKI UNIV. UNIV. OF TURKU FRANCE GAM MONTPELLIER LAPP ANNECY LPSC GRENOBLE GERMANY RWTH-I RWTH-III MAX-PLANK INST. UNIV. OF KARLSRUHE ITALY ASI CARSO TRIESTE IROE FLORENCE INFN & UNIV. OF BOLOGNA INFN & UNIV. OF MILANO INFN & UNIV. OF PERUGIA INFN & UNIV. OF PISA INFN & UNIV. OF ROMA INFN & UNIV. OF SIENA NETHERLANDS ESA-ESTEC NIKHEF NLR ROMANIA ISS UNIV. OF BUCHAREST RUSSIA I.K.I. ITEP KURCHATOV INST. MOSCOW STATE UNIV. SPAIN CIEMAT - MADRID I.A.C. CANARIAS. SWITZERLAND ETH-ZURICH UNIV. OF GENEVA CHINA BISEE (Beijing) IEE (Beijing) IHEP (Beijing) NLAA (Beijing) SJTU (Shanghai) SEU (Nanjing) SYSU (Guangzhou) SDU (Jinan) KOREA EWHA KYUNGPOOK NAT.UNIV. PORTUGAL LAB. OF INSTRUM. LISBON ACAD. SINICA (Taiwan) AIDC (Taiwan) CSIST (Taiwan) NCU (Chung Li) NCKU (Tainan) NCTU (Hsinchu) NSPO (Hsinchu) TAIWAN AMS International Collaboration 16 Countries, 60 Institutes and 600 Physicists, 17 years

What is AMS? Magnetic spectrometer conceived for the high precision study of cosmic radiation in the GV-TV rigidity range: Search for primordial antimatter (anti-nuclei) Indirect Search for Dark Matter (light anti-matter, gammas) Chemical composition and energy spectra of cosmic rays Exotic signals? (strangelets…) Steadily taking data on the ISS since May 19 th 2011

-Same precision and detection capability as the large state-of-the-art particle physics Detectors (but fitting into the space shuttle…) - Operation in space: on the ISS, at 400km, no backgrounds from atmospheric interactions (extensive space qualification tests…) - Collection power: large acceptance (≈ 0.5 m2sr) x exposure time ( = ISS lifetime) (extensive calibration campaigns on ground) How it will fullfill its objectives?

6 5m x 4m x 3m 7.5 tons Silicon layer 7 Silicon layers Silicon layer TRD TOF 1, 2 TOF 3, 4 RICH ECAL Magnet 300,000 electronic channels 650 processors Radiators 11,000 Photo Sensors

TRD TOF Tracker TOF RICH ECAL TRD Identify e+, e- Silicon Tracker Z, P ECAL E of e+, e-, γ RICH Z, E TOF Z, E Particles and nuclei are defined by their charge ( Z ) and energy ( E ~ P ) Z, P are measured independently by the Tracker, RICH, TOF and ECAL AMS: A TeV precision, multipurpose particle physics spectrometer in space. Magnet ±Z

Full coverage of anti-matter & CR physics He,Li,Be,..Fe P e–e– He, C P, D e+e+ TRD TOF Tracker RICH ECAL ––– – Physics example Antimatter Cosmic Ray Physics Dark matter 

Timeline : Sub-detector Construction and first mechanical integration 2009: Integration with the SC Magnet 2010: Beam test EMI – TVT test Integration with the Permanent Magnet Beam test Shipment to KSC Integration with the Shuttle and ISS interfaces 2011: Installation on the Shuttle (March) Launch (May 16) Installation on the ISS (May 19)

Experience in flight

Orbital DAQ Parameters Time at location [s] DAQ efficiency Acquisition rate [Hz] Particle rates vary from 200 to 2000 Hz per orbit On average: DAQ efficiency 85% ~500Hz

AMS-02 : Statistica in 4 mesi ≈ eventi Events collected Events reconstructed

12 TOF COMMISSIONING : NO CHANGES W.R.T. GROUND SETTINGS 2000 Working point No change w.r.t. ground settings - Check HV settings - Single side efficiency

13 Trigger uniformity The TOF particle distribution on the 4 layers. The absence of holes indicates all the counters are functioning as expected. Y (cm) TOF -1 TOF -2 TOF -3 TOF -4

14 Efficiency Results Z=1

15 Beta resolution resolution=4.6% Beta

In flight experience: il Tracker è partito bene! (N.B. TRACKER: 16 VA x 192 LADDER)

In flight experience: bad strips & raw efficiency ok Raw Bad Strips % # Ladders

In flight experience: Tracker T & noise T (°C) Inner TRK Layer 9 Layer 1

AMS-02: in flight experience Z in RICH vs tracker Nuclear charge Z=14, Si P = 136 GeV/c

TRK alignment on-going: crosscheck with E/R ratio  Y shift (  m) E/R Radiation energy loss makes the momentum reconstructed in the tracker P Tracker = | R Tracker | smaller w.r.t. the energy measured by the calorimeter E Ecal Alignment shift makes R Tracker shifted to the opposite direction for e+ and e -

ee Lead foil (1mm) Fibers (  1mm) Calorimeter (ECAL) 18 longitudinal samplings (9 groups of 2 layers) Readout cell dimensions: Z (9 mm), X (9 mm), Y (9 mm) 3D Sampling of Showers layer x y z

Electron 240 GeV, 22 May AMS data on ISS

0 Layers Longitudinal profile, energy 240 GeV Energy (GeV) GeV Electron, 3D Sampling of Shower AMS data on ISS

Photon 40 GeV, 23 May AMS data on ISS Direction reconstructed with 3D shower sampling

Gamma 40 GeV, 3D Sampling of Shower Longitudinal profile, energy 40 GeV Energy (GeV) Layers AMS data on ISS

Calibrazione di ECAL Equalizzazione dei segnali/verifica guadagni

Calibrazione di ECAL : vs T

≈ uniforme

Calibrazione di ECAL Con ioni !

Science Data Flow MSFC POIC, AL AMS GSC KSC, FL AMS POCC (August 2010 to May 2011) JSC, TX AMS POCC, (February-June 2011) now backup POCC for CERN POCC CERN AMS POCC Main operations centre (from June 23, 2011) During testing at KSC, on the launch pad and on the ISS NASA channels POCC network (KSC only) Internet AMS

AMS Payload Operation Control CERN Jun.23, 2011 DATA Mib (6/10), Pg (1/10) LEAD PG,PI (≈1/10) PMT (ECAL,TOF,RICH) PI (≈1/6) BO (≈1/10) TEE (TRD,TRK) PG (≈3/8),RM(≈1/8) THERMAL support from CGS

THERMAL : on shift monitor T & correnti

CGS completed tasks (5/5): Correlazione dei dati tra consumo (on/off degli heater) e temperature (power consumption) Definizione delle strategie di power in caso di limitazioni di budget (operazioni della ISS) THERMAL : post processing e strategie

Signal acquisition / loss –Capability to predict thermal behaviour, particularly when longer communication black-out are foreseen –Examples: High beta angle have ratty communications both for TM and TC. THERMAL Predictions: Preconditioning before non-nominal operations –In case a power off of the detector is foreseen in sufficient advance: Warm-up strategy to ensure the broadest margins Definition of maximum survival time

STS/ATV/Soyuz docking/undocking manoeuvres –Different sequences of attitudes expected per each event –Each sequence shall take place at different environmental conditions (beta angle, solar constant) –Support needed to identify criticalities and Define maximum time each attitude can be maintained Define in case the best switch-off sequence Other ISS attitude changes –Non nominal attitude changes are likely to happen –Thermal control responsible need to assess feasibility, maximum duration and (in hot cases) switch off best strategy Long term predictions –Beta angle and temperature predictions When thermal expertise is needed: long term

Thermal expertise: chi? Supporto industriale : CGS E' in corso una richiesta all' ASI per un contratto pluriennale teso a garantire la copertura di questo servizio per la durata dell'esperimento, ma la messa in opera di tale contratto non potrà avvenire prima dell' estate Richiesta CONS PG : 45 k€ per coprire la prima metà del 2012

Postazione Data ISS position White Sands - NM Marshall Shuttle Flight Control CERN AMS-MIB/MIT

DATA Gestione dei dati di AMS attraverso i differenti sistemi In ciascuno di questi percorsi c’è la possibilità di perdita di dati, e a seconda di dove avviene c’è la possibilità di fare un “replay” dall’ultimo punto in cui sono stati ricevuti correttamente.  Controllo delle stream vs possibilità di trasmissione a terra  Playback delle stream / gestione del laptop on ISS  Merging delle stream

Flusso dati ISS position White Sands - NM Marshall Shuttle Flight Control CERN AMS-MIB/MIT CNAF-IT Reg. CENTERS CHINA-EU-USA AMS-MIB Data Transfer-System AMS-MIB POCC: JSC/CERN Postazione DATA SOCC -CERN

AMS-02 : Quanti dati in 4 mesi ? 13 TB raw /48 TB ricostruiti Events collected Events reconstructed

I Centri Regionali Riunione CSN2 - 13/4/1141 SOC NLAA (RPC) MC simu/reco SEU (RPC) MC simu/reco CIEMAT (ES) MC simu/reco Analysis Lione (FR) MC simu/reco CNAF (IT) MC simu/reco Analysis + Master Copy ASDC (IT) Analysis MC simu/reco Data trasnfer & DT monitoring tools INFN-MIB™ ≈ 800 cores ≈ 2000 cores ≈ 300 cores ≈ 100 cores

Produzione Monte Carlo AMS web Mi DT system AMS MC lsf job submiss. Virtual nodes request MC jobs 1.Richiesta di un nuovo job MC job  ricezione via 2.Download del exe (gbatch) e database aggiornati (se necessario) 3.Lsf job submission (virtual WN..) 4.I job terminati scrivono su una specifica directory monitorata dal sistema di DT (copia separata dal job : qualche problema con WN) 5.I files vengono inviati al CERN per la validazione centrale in AMS (solo i job completati vengono inviati) 6.Goto 1 42

Flusso ininterrotto di dati: situazione ad oggi -50 TB di dati ricostruiti ≈ 130 TB/anno -13 TB di dati raw ≈ 35 TB/anno STD production : from raw data to root files : 130 TB Vxxx.PASS2: after 1 st calibration (TRD, Alignment..) Vyyy.PASS2: after 2 nd calibration (TRD, Alignment..) Vzz.ECAL, BIGZ, : test calibrations (TRD, Alignment..) Full size 10-15% data CNAF PER ANALISI CALIBRAZIONE/FISICA Quanti dati?

Storage al CNAF & richieste TAPE AL CNAF : assegnazione fino al 2011: 50 TB Richiesta aggiuntiva per il 2012 : 170 TB Disco al CNAF: assegnato fino al 2011 : 84 TB netto (93 TB) richiesta aggiuntiva ad Aprile 2011 (pagamento nel 2012!): 50 TB alla partenza 50 TB a Settembre se necessario (lo è !!) richiesta aggiuntiva per il 2012: 200 TB A carico della CSN2 per il 2012 : 300 TB (100 del del 2012)

CPU al CNAF & richieste CPU AL CNAF : assegnata per il 2011: 432 HS06 ( ≈ 50 cores) Richiesta aggiuntiva ad Aprile 2011 (gratis!): 2025 HS06 alla partenza 1600 HS06 a Settembre se necessario (lo è) Richiesta per il 2012: raggiungere 800 cores = 6400 HS06 (MC + 10 analisi) AMS unit : core per la simulazione ≈ 3.5 s/ev per la ricostruzione ≈ 0.3 s/ev per analisi ≈ 0.02 s/ev  Per ricostruire in tempo reale (500 ev/s) : 150 cores (al CERN)  Per simulazione MC in tempo reale (750 ev/s): 2250 cores (20% ITALIA  450 cores)  Per analizzare dati in tempo reale : 10 cores  Per analizzare MC in tempo reale : 15 cores

Richieste 2012: Sez.Persone FTE MIMECONSTRAINVAPPSERVTOT BO9/ MIB9/ PG17/ PI8/ RM18/ TOT52/ Responsabilità specifiche Copertura turni di presa dati ed on-call Partecipazione a gruppi di analisi Meeting di collaborazione internazionale Conferenze nazionali ed internazionali (ma chi le deve finanziare?) 412 k€ 146 k€

Richieste 2012: Sez.Persone FTE MIMECONSTRAINVAPPSERVTOT BO9/ MIB9/ PG17/ PI8/ RM18/ TOT52/ k€ : HW per il Data Transfer. 165 k€ : 105 k€ COMMON FUNDS 45 k€ CONTRATTO DI TERMICA (CGS)