WiZard PAMELA Commissione II INFN Piergiorgio Picozza INFN e Università di Roma Tor Vergata Trieste, 18 Settembre 2012

Stato della Missione Buona operatività del Satellite Buona operatività del Satellite Presa dati continuativa. Efficienza apparato per modulazione e flare solari e sub-cutoff Presa dati continuativa. Efficienza apparato per modulazione e flare solari e sub-cutoff Contratto al Ground Segment Contratto al Ground Segment Contratto Mephi per quick look al Ground Segment Contratto Mephi per quick look al Ground Segment Continuazione Missione nel 2013 Continuazione Missione nel 2013

Collaborazioni Modulazione solare: Modulazione solare: Università North West di Potchefstroom in Sud Africa Cosmic ray solar gradients: Cosmic ray solar gradients: Kiel University Solar Flares: Solar Flares: Goddard Flight Space Center della NASA, Università del New Hampshire, New Mexico State University. Press release NASA South Atlantic Anomaly con differenti inclinazioni del satellite

ASDC

Dati Recenti

Positron Spectrum T. Delahaye et al., A&A 524 (2010) A51 Secondary & Primary productions (from Astrophysical Sources) Secondary production Moskalenko & Strong 98 Preliminary

2 H 3 He

2 H/ 1 H 3 He/ 4 H4

Lithium Preliminary Results

Beryllium Preliminary Results

Cosmic-Ray Antiprotons and DM limits D. G. Cerdeno, T. Delahaye & J. Lavalle, arXiv: 1108:1128 Antiproton flux predictions for a 12 GeV WIMP annihilating into different mass combinations of an intermediate two-boson state which further decays into quarks. See also: M. Asano, T. Bringmann & C. Weniger, arXiv: M. Garny, A. Ibarra & S. Vogl, arXiv: R. Kappl & M. W. Winkler, arXiv:

Solar Modulation of galactic cosmic rays BESS Caprice / Mass /TS93 AMS-01 Pamela Study of solar modulation Study of charge sign dependent effects Asaoka Y. et al. 2002, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, ), Bieber, J.W., et al. Physi-cal Review Letters, 84, 674, J. Clem et al. 30th ICRC 2007 U.W. Langner, M.S. Potgieter, Advances in Space Research 34 (2004)

Galactic proton and helium modulation H He

Flux evolution with solar cycle is consistent with expectations Fairly good agreement with measuremnts at previous minimum (AMS, CAPRICE94) Highest flux ever recorded (2009) PAMELA Yearly Averages and Comparison with Other Measurements

Galactic proton modulation

electrons positrons

Fluxes vs time

Secondary production Moskalenko & Strong 98 PAMELA Positron Fraction GALPROP Preliminary

December 2006 Solar particle events Dec 13 th largest CME since 2003, anomalous at sol min

December 14th 2006: Forbush decrease Solar Quiet spectrum Low energy tail of Dec 13th event Below galactic spectrum: Start of Forbush decrease Magnetic Field Neutron Monitor X-ray P,e- Decrease of primary spectrum Arrival of magnetic cloud from CME of Dec 13th Shock 1774km/s (gopalswamy, 2007) Decrease of Neutron Monitor Flux Magnetic Field Neutron Monitor X-ray P,e- Arrival of event of Dec 14th

Forbush decrease – protons

Forbush decrease – protons and electrons

Forbush decrease – protons, electrons and positrons

2012

Evento Solare Marzo 2012 PAMELA fornisce informazioni in una regione d’energia non coperta dai neutron monitor a terra L’evento del 7 marzo 2012 è un esempio di evento diffusivo. La regione attiva era localizzata a N18E31. La flare che ne è seguita era di classe X5.4 (per esempio fu osservata da FERMI). Essendo localizzata ad est si è trattato di un evento di lunga durata con crescita lenta.

2012

Evento Solare 17 Maggio 2012 PAMELA era perfettamente posizionata per vedere l’inizio ed il picco dell’evento. L’inizio appare essere leggermente in ritardo rispetto al NM Apatity ma PAMELA riesce a misurarlo con risoluzione del minuto e migliore. L’evento del 17 maggio era un evento impulsivo (classe M5.1) ben connesso magneticamente con la Terra. Si tratta del primo GLE dal 2006.

Subcutoff particles and South Atlantic Anomaly

Subcutoff particle spectra --- M. Honda, 2008

Subcut-off electrons and positrons e-e- e+e+

Stably trapped Quasi trapped Reentrant albedo  eq vs L-shell B/B eq vs L-shellGeo. Lat vs Long Distributions of sub-cutoff proton counts

Proton gradients in the heliosphere – PAMELA and Ulysses

Sun 2006 Aug

1.97 GV GV Spatial gradients Comparison of the proton flux measured between 1.97 and 2.07 GV by PAMELA and ULYSSES as a function of time

Proton gradients in the heliosphere – PAMELA and Ulysses Radial gradient Latitudinal gradient

Multi messenger astronomy and CTA: TeV cosmic rays and electrons Astroparticle Physics, online 24 July 2012 Observations of the December 13 and 14, 2006, Solar Particle Events in the 80 MeV/n - 3 GeV/n range from space with PAMELA detector. The Astrophysical Journal, 742, 2, 102 (2011). Upper Limit on the Antihelium Flux in Primary Cosmic Rays. JETP Letters, 93, 11, 628, 2011 Understanding cosmic rays and searching for exotic sources with PAMELA Astrophysics and Space Sciences Transactions, vol. 7, 85 (2011). Pubblicazionii

PAMELA and electrons. NIM A., 630, 28 (2011). Understanding cosmic rays and searching for exotic sources with PAMELA Astrophysics and Space Sciences Transactions, vol. 7, 85 (2011). The Proton and Helium cosmic ray spectra from 50 GeV to 15 TeV Astrophysics and Space Sciences Transactions, Vol. 7, 235 (2011) Main results of the PAMELA space experiment after 5 years in orbit Journal of Physics,375 (2012) Pamela main results after 5 years of data taking PoS(EPS-HEP2011)066 Pubblicazioni

Talks al COSPAR The PAMELA experiment: Six Years of Cosmic Rays investigation – M. Boezio PAMELA Cosmic Ray Observations – M. Boezio Observations of cosmic ray protons, electrons and their antiparticles above 10 GeV – F. Cafagna, M. Ricci Under cutoff proton fluxes measured in the Earth's magnetosphere by the PAMELA mission – A. Bruno, F. Cafagna PAMELA observations of solar modulation differences in cosmic ray protons, electrons and positrons – V. Di Felice, V. Formato, R. Munini The unusual solar minimum of as observed by PAMELA – N. Mori, N. De Simoni The cosmic-ray positron and electron spectra measured by PAMELA – A. Bruno, R. Bellotti, E. Mocchiutti, A. Monaco, L. Rossetto, A. Bianco A heliopause spectrum for cosmic ray electrons- M. Potgieter, M. Boezio A very local interstellar spectrum for galactic electrons - M. Potgieter, M. Boezio Modulation of galactic protons in the heliosphere during the unusual solar minimum of 2006 to 2009 – M. Potgieter, E. Vos, M. Boezio, N. De Simone, V. Di Felice Charge-sign dependent modulation of cosmic rays in the heliosphere during the unusual solar minimum of 2006 to M. Potgieter, E. Vos, M. Boezio, V. Di Felice

Altri Talks ECRS 2012, Moscow, July 2012 Highlight talk: Cosmic ray study with the PAMELA experiment - P. Picozza Temporal and spatial variation of galactic cosmic rays measured by Ulysses/KET in the inner heliosphere – J. Gieseler, P. Picozza 100 Years Cosmic Rays – Anniversary of Their Discovery by V. F. Hess, Bad Saarow, August 2012 Invited talk: Cosmic Electrons – P. Picozza 13th Marcel Grossmann Meeting - MG13, Stockholm, July 2012 Six years of PAMELA in orbit – V. Di Felice 2nd International Conference on Frontiers in Diagnostic Technologies, LNF, Frascati, November 2011 Invited talk: Dark Matter Search in Space – P. Picozza Centenary Symposium 2012, Denver, June 2012 Invited talk: The PAMELA Mission: Past, Present, Future – M. Simon European Week of Astronomy and Space Science, July 2012 Solar physics observations at solar minimum with PAMELA detector on board Resurs-DK1 satellite – N. De Simone

Altri Talks 13th ICATPP Conference on Astroparticle, Particle, Space Physics and Detectors for Physics Applications, Villa Olmo, Italy, October 2011 PAMELA low ‐ energy cosmic ‐ ray observations during last solar minimum – N. De Simone Vulcano Workshop 2012, Frontier Objects in Astrophysics and Particle Physics Precise cosmic rays measurements with PAMELA – A. Bruno Cosmic Ray Anisotropy Workshop 2011, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, October 2011 Cosmic-Ray Measurements with the PAMELA Experiment – M. Boezio UCLA Dark Matter Tenth Symposium on Sources and Detection of Dark Matter and Dark Energy in the Universe, Marina del Rey Marriott, California, USA, February 2012 Dark Matter Indirect Search oin Five Years of PAMELA in Orbit – M. Boezio International Workshop on Positrons in Astrophysics, Murren, Svizzera, March 2012 Direct Detection of Cosmic Positrons – M. Boezio 2012 April Meeting of the American Physical Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, March-April 2012 Precise Measurements of the Cosmic-Ray Composition – M. Boezio

Altri Talks Scineghe 2012, Lecce, Italy, June 2012 Direct measurements of cosmic rays in space - R. Sparvoli Very High Energy Cosmic Ray Interactions (ISVHECRI 2012) - August Berlin, Germany Direct measurements of cosmic rays in space - R. Sparvoli ISCRA 2012, July 2012, Ettore Majorana Center for Scientific Culture Erice, Italy Particle Astrophysics from low to high energy with PAMELA Part 1 and Part 2 - R. Sparvoli 4th International Summer School on Astroparticle Physics "NIJMEGEN12"- August 2012, Nijmegen, The Netherlands / Kleve, Germany High Energy Cosmic Rays - R. Sparvoli

Richieste per presa dati Assistenza NTs-OMZ per manutenzione ed upgrading hardware e software al Ground Segment 42 K€ Assistenza NTs-OMZ per manutenzione ed upgrading hardware e software al Ground Segment 42 K€ Supporto Grid al MEPHI 10 k€ Supporto Grid al MEPHI 10 k€ Parziale supporto turni tecnici Russi a NTsOMZ 20k€ Parziale supporto turni tecnici Russi a NTsOMZ 20k€

Richieste per l’analisi Consumo (dischi, schede server etc.): 10 k€ Consumo (dischi, schede server etc.): 10 k€ Inventario ( Sostituzione nodi obsoleti, etc.) 45.5 € Inventario ( Sostituzione nodi obsoleti, etc.) 45.5 €

Altro Metabolismo 32 k€ Metabolismo 32 k€ Missioni interne (riunioni per analisi) Missioni interne (riunioni per analisi) Missioni estere: collaborazione con Sud Africa, NASA-Goddard, Kiel Missioni estere: collaborazione con Sud Africa, NASA-Goddard, Kiel Missioni estere: Riunioni di collaborazione, incontri di analisi con i Russi, coordinamento Picozza, Boezio Missioni estere: Riunioni di collaborazione, incontri di analisi con i Russi, coordinamento Picozza, Boezio Missioni Estere. Conferenze: ICRC Missioni Estere. Conferenze: ICRC