THE PRESENT PERFECT

The PRESENT PERFECT – Positive form I’ve worked You’ve worked He / She / It’s worked We’ve worked They’ve worked I have worked You have worked He / She / It has worked We have worked You have worked They have worked

The PRESENT PERFECT – Negative form I haven’t worked or I have not worked You haven’t worked or You have not worked He / She / It hasn’t worked or He / She / It has not worked We haven’t worked or We have not worked You haven’t worked or You have not worked They haven’t worked or They have not worked

The PRESENT PERFECT – Interrogative form Have I worked? Have you worked? Has he / she / it worked? Have we worked? Have you worked? Have they worked?

The PRESENT PERFECT is formed by HAVE / HAS Examples + PAST PARTICIPLE

Definizione generale del Present Perfect: Il Present Perfect è un tempo verbale che mette in relazione PASSATO e PRESENTE Ad esempio si usa per indicare un’azione appena successa con l’avverbio JUST

He HAS JUST BOUGHT a newspaper.

She HAS JUST WOKEN up.

He HAS JUST FALLEN.

She HAS JUST STOLEN something.

He HAS JUST MISSED the train.

EXAMPLES REGULAR VERBS IRREGULAR VERBS = 3rd COLUMN I HAVE WORKED I HAVE BOUGHT I HAVE LIVED I HAVE EATEN I HAVE PLAYED I HAVE DRUNK I HAVE CRIED I HAVE READ I HAVE DRIVEN I HAVE STOPPED

Altri casi in cui si usa il Present Perfect: Il Present perfect si usa per dire che un’azione non è ancora avvenuta con l’avverbio YET Examples

ESEMPI (dire che un’azione non è ancora avvenuta) Non sono ancora arrivati. They haven’t arrived yet. Non ho ancora fatto i compiti. I haven’t done my homework yet. Il treno non è ancora partito. The train hasn’t left yet. N.B. Di solito YET si colloca in fondo alla frase.

Altri casi in cui si usa il Present Perfect: Il Present perfect si usa per chiedere se un’azione è già avvenuta con l’avverbio YET Examples

ESEMPI (chiedere se un’azione è già avvenuta) Tom è già arrivato? Has Tom arrived yet? Hai già visto questo film? Have you seen this film yet? Hai già comprato i regali di Natale? Have you bought Christmas presents yet? N.B. Di solito YET si colloca in fondo alla frase.

ALREADY Altri casi in cui si usa il Present Perfect: Il Present perfect si usa per dire che un’azione è già avvenuta con l’avverbio ALREADY Examples

ESEMPI (dire che un’azione è già avvenuta) Sara e Chris sono già arrivati. Sara and Chris have already arrived. Conosco Mary. Ci siamo già incontrati. I know Mary. We have already met. Ho già fatto colazione. I have already had breakfast. N.B. Di solito ALREADY si colloca prima del participio passato.

ALREADY RIEPILOGO frasi negative = ANCORA They haven’t arrived yet. Non sono ancora arrivati. frasi interrogative = GIA’ Have you seen this film yet? Hai già visto questo film? ALREADY frasi affermative = GIA’ I have already had breakfast. Ho già fatto colazione.

SIMPLE PAST OR PRESENT PERFECT?

SIMPLE PAST Le frasi precedenti sono tutte al …… Frank arrived in London a week ago. Yesterday Mary went to the cinema with Sue. Last month I flew to Dublin. When I was in England I ate a lot of fish and chips. I was in Nice last week. I lost 50€ on Monday. I worked in London from 1994 to 1996. She went to a club last night. The teacher left 10 minutes ago. I sent her an e-mail the day before yesterday. I didn’t go abroad last year. Le frasi precedenti sono tutte al …… SIMPLE PAST Ora trova l’espressione di tempo in ogni frase

the day before yesterday last night last month last year a week ago 10 minutes ago the day before yesterday last night last month last year When I was in England yesterday on Monday Che cos’hanno in comune queste espressioni di tempo? Sono tutte espressioni di tempo… ... FINITO.

PRESENT PERFECT Espressioni di tempo NON BEN PRECISATO. Have you ever been to New York? We have already packed our suitcases! Let’s go. They haven't left for Paris yet. We have never eaten crocodile soup. ‘Are you hungry?’ ‘No, I’ve just had dinner.’ Have you sent your postcards yet? I have seen Mary twice today. She has spent 500€ this month! Espressioni di tempo NON BEN PRECISATO. Espressioni di tempo NON FINITO. Le frasi precedenti sono tutte al … PRESENT PERFECT Ora trova l’espressione di tempo in ogni frase

FINITO SIMPLE PAST Un errore tipico: Quindi quando l’azione si è svolta in un periodo di tempo che è FINITO Un errore tipico: Yesterday I HAVE EATEN risotto. The train HAS LEFT an hour ago. usiamo il SIMPLE PAST Esempi: Ieri ho mangiato il risotto. Yesterday I ATE risotto. Il treno è partito un’ora fa. The train LEFT an hour ago.

NON E’ FINITO PRESENT PERFECT Quindi quando l’azione si è svolta in un periodo di tempo che NON E’ FINITO usiamo il PRESENT PERFECT Esempi: Oggi ho comprato una camicia. Today I HAVE BOUGHT a shirt. Ho speso troppo questa settimana. I HAVE SPENT too much this week.

E se nella frase non c’è l’espressione di tempo? Allora bisogna riflettere e cercare di capire qual è l’espressione di tempo sottointesa.

Esempi: Can I take this newspaper? Have you read it? ‘Look at Linda! She has cut her hair!’ Columbus discovered America. It’s Mary’s birthday tomorrow and I haven’t bought her a present. Sally has seen the film "Titanic" three times. Can I take this newspaper? Have you read it yet? ‘Look at Linda! She has just cut her hair!’ Columbus discovered America in 1492. It’s Mary’s birthday tomorrow and I haven’t bought her a present yet. Sally has seen the film "Titanic" three times in her life / so far.

A: Have you ever been to Greece? B: Yes, I’ve been there once. A: When did you go there? B: I went there two years ago. I was on a cruise with my parents. We had a very good time but the weather wasn’t very good. I met a lot of French teenagers because the ship left from Nice. I enjoyed the monuments a lot but I didn’t like the food very much: there was too much garlic!

A: Have you ever lost your keys? B: Yes, I’ve lost my front door key once.. A: Where did you lose it? B: Well, I didn’t actually lose it but I put it in a drawer that I never use. I looked for it for three days but I couldn’t find it. So I called a blacksmith who changed the lock on my front door. The day after I opened the drawer by chance and I found my key there!!!!

RIEPILOGO SIMPLE PAST PRESENT PERFECT azioni finite in un tempo FINITO Ho mangiato molta cioccolata ieri sera. I ATE a lot of chocolate LAST NIGHT. in un tempo NON BEN PRECISATO ovvero con... azioni finite PRESENT PERFECT JUST YET ALREADY EVER NEVER azioni finite in un tempo NON FINITO Ho mangiato molta cioccolata questa settimana. I HAVE EATEN a lot of chocolate THIS WEEK.

PRESENT PERFECT RIEPILOGO FINALE DEL PRESENT PERFECT azioni finite in un tempo NON BEN PRECISATO ovvero con... PRESENT PERFECT JUST YET ALREADY EVER NEVER Ho già fatto i compiti. I have already done my homework. azioni finite in un tempo NON FINITO Ho mangiato molta cioccolata questa settimana. I have eaten a lot of chocolate this week. azioni NON finite con… HOW LONG ..? FOR SINCE Da quanto tempo vivi qui? How long have you lived here? Vivo qui da 10 anni. I have lived here for 10 years. Vivo qui dal 1998. I have lived here since 1998.

Leggi le frasi, controlla i verbi sottolineati e correggi quelli sbagliati. Esempi: I’ve lost my key.....CORRETTO....... Have you seen Mary yesterday? SBAGLIATO: ..Did you see. I spent a lot of money this month.................................... I have lived in France in 1996. ............................................. Did Martin find a job yet? ................................................... I saw two films last night. .................................................... When have you been to Greece?.......................................

Completa il dialogo. Usa been oppure gone. ANGELA: Hello, Mary. Is Rose at home? MARY: No, she isn’t. She’s just ................................... out. I think she’s ................................ shopping. She wanted to buy some new clothes. Has she ............................. to New Look? I think so. Oh, I’ve just ................................ there. They’ve just started the winter sale. Oh, have they? I haven’t .................................. into town this week, but I’d like to go and do some shopping at the weekend. Bye.

Completa con un verbo appropriato al simple past o al present perfect (forma affermativa o negativa). A: That’s a nice jumper. Is it new? B: Yes, I ………………………it last week. A: Are you tired this morning? B: Yes, I ....................... to bed late last night. A: Are you enjoying your new job? B: I.......................... yet. My first day is next Monday. A: Is Mark here? B: No, he ..................................... two minutes ago. A: Have you heard of George Washington? B: Of course. He ........................ the first president of the USA. A: Has Jane gone home? B: Yes, she .........................................home at 4 o’ clock. A: Do you like Paris? B: I don’t know. I .................................there.

Scrivi un breve dialogo sulla base della seguente traccia. Chiedi a un tuo amico se ha mai mangiato caviale. Lui risponde di sì. Chiedigli quando lo ha fatto. Lui risponde che ha mangiato caviale due giorni fa. Chiedigli dove l’ha mangiato. Lui risponde che l’ha mangiato in un ristorante russo.