JLab12 / 2 A parte Esperimenti Hypernuclei Pb-QuasiElastico PVES/PREX Form 12GeV Apparati SBS Front Tracker Milestones / Richieste Finanziarie Gradi di libertà nucleari Gradi di libertà nucleonici Evaristo Cisbani / Roma gruppo collegato Sanità 21 Set 2009 / CSN IIIJLab12 - E. Cisbani1

Electroproduction of Hypernuclei in HallA e p K+K+ e’  ** N … N Nucleus Hypernucleus p beam Scattered electron Detected by HRS e Kaon detected by HRS k  N … N Adapted from: F. Cusanno, Hyp-X Conference, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan, 15 th of September, 2009 Reactions Investigated: 9 Be  9 Li  ( spin doublets, information on s-s) 12 C  12 B  (comparison with previous data: better understanding of results with hadron probes and Hall C at JLab) 16 O  16 N  ( precise determination of  binding energy ) Experimental requirements: Excellent Energy Resolution Detection at very forward angles (6° to obtain practical counting rates  septum magnets) Excellent Particle Identification, unambiguous kaon selection  RICH High luminosity Study  -N Interaction potential 21 Set 2009 / CSN IIIJLab12 – Hypernuclei - E. Cisbani2

 Fit to the data (red line): Fit 4 regions with 4 Voigt functions  2 /ndf = 1.19  Theoretical model (blu line) based on : i)SLA p(e,e’K+) (elementary process) ii) N interaction fixed parameters from KEK and BNL 16  O spectra (J. Millener) R esults on 16 O target – Hypernuclear Spectrum of 16 N  Binding Energy B  =13.76 ± 0.16 (stat) ± 0.05 (sys) MeV Measured for the first time with this level of accuracy / ±0.16 Theory Fit Paper resubmitted to PRL Adapted from: F. Cusanno, Hyp-X Conference, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan, 15 th of September, Set 2009 / CSN IIIJLab12 - Hypernuclei - E. Cisbani3

J LAB Hall A E-94107: P reliminary R esults on 9 Be target Theory (J. Millener and M. Sotona) Fit (four peaks) Adapted from: F. Cusanno, Hyp-X Conference, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan, 15 th of September, 2009 Use Be windows data of waterfall target to increase statistics TO DO: 21 Set 2009 / CSN IIIJLab12 - Hypernuclei - E. Cisbani4

E The Angular Dependence of 16 O(e,e’K) 16 N  and 1 H(e,e’K) These data and, especially, the ratio of HN to the elementary cross section will give: new valuable information on hypernuclear structure (including spin assignment of produced hypernuclear states), and reaction mechanisms the modification of the dynamics of the (e,e’K + ) process in the nuclear medium. Parasitic test for E Study of Light Hypernuclei by Pionic Decay at JLab Will run right before 6 GeV shutdown 21 Set 2009 / CSN IIIJLab12 - Hypernuclei - E. Cisbani5

Studio correlazione long-range e dinamica relativistica nel mezzo nucleare Adapted from Guido Urciuoli (Pb-QE) 21 Set 2009 / CSN IIIJLab12 – PbQE - E. Cisbani6

Esperimenti di Violazione della Parità Misura accurata della asimmetria nei processi elastici (e DIS) di elettroni polarizzati longitudinalmente su nucleone/nucleo non polarizzato Accesso alle costanti di accoppiamento deboli elettroni-quark (u/d) delle correnti neutre, ovvero alla corrente debole del protone, ovvero all’angolo di mixing debole Pone limiti su esistenza di nuova fisica (PVDIS, QWeak, Möller) Ha permesso la misura del contributo dei quark s ai fattori di forma del nucleone (HAPPEX, G0) Permette la misura di importanti grandezze nucleari soppressi nei processi elettromagnetici  PREX 21 Set 2009 / CSN IIIJLab12 – PVES - E. Cisbani7

Violazione di Parità e l’angolo di mixing a basse energie Programma rilevante delle sale A e C 21 Set 2009 / CSN IIIJLab12 – PVES - E. Cisbani8

Lead ( 208 Pb) Radius Experiment: PREX Clean Probe Couples Mainly to Neutrons (T.W. Donnelly, J. Dubach, I. Sick) In PWIA: w/Coulomb distortions (C. J. Horowitz) : 208 Pb E = 850 MeV, =6° electrons on lead Elastic Scattering Parity Violating Asymmetry Adapted from Guido Urciuoli Implicazioni su equazione di stato stelle neutroni Propedeutico per test standard model 21 Set 2009 / CSN IIIJLab12 – PVES/PREX - E. Cisbani9 In run primavera 2010

Fattori di Forma Elettromagnetici del Nucleone Trasferimento di polarizzazione dalla sonda elettronica al protone diffuso elasticamente Nella separazione Rosenbluth l’approssimazione di singolo fotone scambiato non sembra adeguata Evidente discrepanza tra i due metodi di misura. Mal comprensione dei meccanismi di QED nei processi elastici! + nuove informazioni nello studio della struttura del nucleone 21 Set 2009 / CSN IIIJLab12 – - E. Cisbani10

Approved FF 12 GeV E : GEp up to 14.5 GeV 2 by recoil-polarization –Require high lumi (low analyzing power and elastic cross section ~ E 2 beam /Q 16 E : GEn/GMn up to 10 GeV 2 by beam-target double-polarization: –Polarized 3 He, neutron detector –Doulbe Spin Asymmetry ~ GE/GM E : GMn up to 13.5→18 GeV 2 by cross section ratio D(e,e’n)/D(e,e’p) –High luminosity; neutron detector  New SBS Spectrometer + 12 GeV (see Patrizia Rossi) 21 Set 2009 / CSN IIIJLab E. Cisbani11

EM FF: Perché alti Q 2  Test per molti modelli fenomenologici.  Studio regione di transizione tra la descrizione non- e perturbativa della QCD  Constraint of the H and E GPD 21 Set 2009 / CSN IIIJLab E. Cisbani12

New SBS Spectrometer (GEP5 Conf.) Alta Luminosità (10 38 /cm 2 /s) Angoli molto in avanti Moderatamente larga accettanza Buona risoluzione in momento (0.5% a 4-8 GeV/c) Buona risoluzione angolare 0.2 mrad Flessibilità (possibilità di riconfugurare i rivelatori in modo ottimale Front Tracker Pol. GEM HCALECALBigBenBigBiteRICHBB Calo GEPXXXXX GENX(BB)XXX GMNX(BB)XXXX(gas)X SIDISX(BB)XXXXX A1nX(BB)XXXX(gas)X A(Q2)X(BB)XXXX(gas)X RCSXXXXXX SRCXXXXX(gas) e,e’  XXXXXXX hallaweb.jlab.org/12GeV/SuperBigBite/ Responsabili dello sviluppo del tracciatore GEM + design elettronica per tutti i rivelatori GEM 21 Set 2009 / CSN IIIJLab12 – SBS Tracker - E. Cisbani13

SBS Tracking Requirements Requirements Tracking Technology DriftMPGDSilicon High Rate (up to): MHz/cm 2 NOMHz/mm 2 High Resolution: <100  m Achievable 50  m30  m Large Area: 40x80 and 100 x 200 cm 2 (+ minimize dead area) YESDoable Very Expensive MPGD = Micro Pattern Gas Detector (GEM, Micromegas …) … and modular: reuse in different geometrical configuration 21 Set 2009 / CSN IIIJLab12 - SBS Tracker - E. Cisbani14

GEM for SBS Standard 3 GEM foils 2D Readout plane, 0.4 mm pitch Approx channels Chamber made by 40x50 cm 2 modules Minimize frames (8 mm width) Minimize front-end electronics size Minimize cabling Optimize HV distribution Sezioni coinvolte: BA + CT + GE + ISS 21 Set 2009 / CSN IIIJLab12 - SBS Tracker - E. Cisbani15

GEM: Prototype 0 and 1 First 10x10 prototypes under cosmic test Using 70/30 Ar/CO 2 gas mixture 7 Independent HV levels up to ~ 5000 V Assembling the GEM chambers parts require a careful quality control at several check points and specific tools for gluing, heating, testing, cleaning Final 40x50 cm 2 module finalized; GEM foils and readout ordered 21 Set 2009 / CSN IIIJLab12 - SBS Tracker - E. Cisbani16

+ Small Silicon Detector Track Angular Range Chamber doublet Dipole SD (x/y) 21 Set 2009 / CSN IIIJLab12 - E. Cisbani17

SiD Detector Layout (RM1) 10cm 20cm 50  m FE 2000 ch. ~ 1 40x100 cm 2 GEM chamber Costo e X0 equivalenti 21 Set 2009 / CSN IIIJLab12 - E. Cisbani18

SBS Front Tracker: Modellizzazione + Rec Photons largest background (80%) GEANT4 + Root FEM 21 Set 2009 / CSN IIIJLab12 - E. Cisbani19

SBS Front Tracker Electronics Use APV25 (CMS and COMPASS): 128 analog channels at 40 MHz; no real alternative existing Compact FrontEnd card designed by GE Cabling minimized by flexible backplane Work in progress on ADC Module (for 16 APV25) in VME64x standard Read both SiD e GEM 21 Set 2009 / CSN IIIJLab12 - E. Cisbani20

SBS: Collaborazione Internazionale Progetto SBS in sottomissione al DOE da parte dei gruppi americani (CMU, UVA, W&M, NSU, Rutgers&UNH, JLab) per circa 3 M$ (+ contingenza) + Glasgow + FIU 21 Set 2009 / CSN IIIJLab12 - E. Cisbani21

JLab12: Milestones Presa dati esperimento PREX (sala A) Presa dati esperimento g9-FROST (sala B) Presa dati esperimenti DVCS (sala A) e HD-Ice (sala B) Test sui prototipi del rivelatore centrale per neutroni di CLAS12 Analisi sistematica tramite spettroscopia Raman di composizione del gas HD Conclusione simulazioni e allestimento facility per i test su componenti calorimetro del Forward tagger per CLAS12 Sottomissione per pubblicazione dei seguenti lavori: 1)misura sezione d'urto gamma n->k+sigma- 2) misura correlazioni ed effetti relativistici nel piombo 3) misura dei momenti della funzione di struttura F2 nei nuclei Avanzamento prototipazione RICH per CLAS12 Avanzamento prototipazione GEM per il tracker della sala A 21 Set 2009 / CSN IIIJLab12 - E. Cisbani22

JLab12: Richiesta Finanziaria 2010 COL= Funzionamento collaborazione GEM= Tracciatore per SBS RICH= RICH per CLAS12 FT= Forward Tagger per CLAS12 CD= Central Neutron Detector HD= HD-ice target Capitoli vs Sottoprogetti 21 Set 2009 / CSN IIIJLab12 - E. Cisbani23 COL GEM RICH FT CD HD Totale MI32, , ME316, ,50452 CO TR2,504, IN47,5017, ,502078,5 SW AP Totale , ,5085,501024,5

JLab12: Richiesta Finanziaria 2010 Proposte dettagliate e basate in larga misura (ove applicabile) su offerte Richiesta complessiva inferiore all’anno precedente Sezioni vs Sottoprogetti 21 Set 2009 / CSN IIIJLab12 - E. Cisbani24 COL GEM RICH FT CD HD Totale BA20,5019, CT FE GE ISS58064, ,5 LNF ,500015, RM RM28, ,50101 Totale , ,5085,501024,5

Conclusioni JLab ha un programma di upgrade avviato e finaziato interamente (si pensa già al futuro prossimo con EIC) Offre e continuerà ad offrire una vasta gamma di opportunità di fisica dal subnucleare ai processi elettrodeboli La collaborazione italiana ha un ruolo rilevante in diversi campi di indagine di punta per il laboratorio 21 Set 2009 / CSN IIIJLab12 - E. Cisbani25

Support Slides

SBS Front Tracker Project BA: Gas system + Electronics (FE chips) CT: Mechanics + Test + MC + Slow Control + (Ele) GE: Electronics ISS/ROME: Prototyping, Test, Digitization + Reconstruction, Evaluate/Prototype SiD, Coordination 21 Set 2009 / CSN IIIJLab12 - E. Cisbani27

10 Jul 2009JLab12 - ISS & RM / E. Cisbani28 - energy resolution = 650 KeV/c the best achieved in hyp. prod. - first clear evidence of core excited states with high statistical significance Hall A E High Resolution Hypernuclear Spectroscopy 16 O(e,e’K) 16 N  12 C(e,e’K) 12 B  understanding of the elementary reaction on proton, poorly known - separation between 3 rd and 4 th peak and narrow 4 th peak  very small p  spin-orbit splitting - binding energy B  =13.76±0.15 MeV for the first time with this level of accuracy K+K+ e e’ p 

R esults on 16 O target – Hypernuclear Spectrum of 16 N  E (  +,K + ) (K -,  - ) (K stop,  - ) [1] O. Hashimoto, H. Tamura, Part Nucl Phys 57, 564 (2006) [2] private communication from D. H. Davis, D. N. Dovee, fit of data from Phys Lett B 79, 157 (1978) [3] private communication from H. Tamura, erratum on Prog Theor Phys Suppl 117, 1 (1994) Comparison with the mirror nucleus 16 O  Difference expected with respect to mirror nucleus: 400 – 500 keV (M. Sotona) F. Cusanno, Hyp-X Conference, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan, 15 th of September, 2009 Paper (re)submitted to Phys Rev Lett [1] [2] [3]

PREX & Neutron Stars Crab Pulsar ( C.J. Horowitz, J. Piekarweicz ) R calibrates EOS of Neutron Rich Matter Combine PREX R with Obs. Neutron Star Radii Some Neutron Stars seem too Cold N N Crust Thickness Explain Glitches in Pulsar Frequency ? Strange star ? Quark Star ? Cooling by neutrino emission (URCA) 0.2 fm URCA probable, else not Phase Transition to “Exotic” Core ?

Atomic Parity Violation Low Q test of Standard Model Needs R to make further progress. 2 N APV Isotope Chain Experiments e.g. Berkeley Yb

Atomic Parity Violation Low Q test of Standard Model Needs R to make further progress. 2 N APV Isotope Chain Experiments e.g. Berkeley Yb

10 Jul 2009JLab12 - ISS & RM / E. Cisbani35 Proximity RICH / Preliminary Performance Error in angle reconstruction:   < 7 mr  n   -K ~ 4.5  Mean number of PhotoElectrons for  : N PE ~ 9 K  Transversity Experiment data taking completed in Feb/09

Missing energy (MeV) Red line: Bennhold-Mart (K MAID) Blue line: Sagay Saclay-Lyon (SLA) Curves are normalized on g.s. peak. J LAB Hall A E-94107: P reliminary R esults on 9 Be target Counts / 200 keV F. Cusanno, Hyp-X Conference, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan, 15 th of September, 2009 Energy levels Counts / 150 keV Energy levels Theory (J. Millener and M. Sotona) Fit (four peaks)

10 Jul 2009JLab12 - ISS & RM / E. Cisbani37 Analysis of the 9 Be(e,e’K) 9 Li  Complex structure, different fits can be compared with the theoretical curve E The Angular Dependence of 16 O(e,e’K) 16 N  and 1 H(e,e’K)  These data and, especially, the ratio of HN to the elementary cross section will give new valuable information on hypernuclear structure (including spin assignment of produced hypernuclear states), reaction mechanisms and, even possibly the modification of the dynamics of the (e,e’K + ) process in the nuclear medium. Parasitic test for E Study of Light Hypernuclei by Pionic Decay at JLab

38

10 Jul 2009JLab12 - ISS & RM / E. Cisbani39 Detector optimisation and calibration completed first draft paper on Q 2 dependence ready; 2 additional papers will follow

10 Jul 2009JLab12 - ISS & RM / E. Cisbani40 Nuova strumentazione per sala A Prototipo GEM  Gli esperimenti sulla struttura dei nucleoni TMD (SIDIS) e FF (scattering elastico) richiedono un nuovo spettrometro:  a larga accettanza (angolo e momento)  in grando di supportare luminosità di cm -2 s -1 SBS in configurazione SIDIS hallaweb.jlab.org/12GeV/SuperBigBite/

Recoil Polarization Method

Frame da 8 mm Elettronica a 90 gradi rispetto alla superfice utile su tutti i lati (richiesta per piani u/v con strip diagonali) Connettori ZIF Modulo GEM 40x50 cm2 21 Set 2009 / CSN IIIJLab12 - E. Cisbani42