Corso di Storia di genere Le operaie al centro: movimenti sindacali, protezione sociale e social work tra ‘800 e ‘900 18 ottobre, 2017 Prof.ssa Elisabetta Bini

1834 – Poor Law Family wage – salario familiare

Rivoluzioni del 1848 Jeanne Deroin “And they say, in speaking of her, that only her husband works; she doesn’t do anything. She has only her household and her children to take care of”. - Diritto delle donne a lavorare e ad essere indipendenti dal punto di vista economico.

“The abolition of the privileges of race, birth, caste, and fortune cannot be complete and radical unless the privilege of sex is totally abolished”. A sostegno del suffragio femminile e dell’abolizione di qualsiasi privilegio maschile. Uguaglianza nella differenza. I due sessi vengono visti come complementari. Ruolo delle donne come madri: “sublime humanitarian maternity”.

Fine ’800: leggi a tutela delle lavoratrici

Questione sociale e riforme (1880-1920) Stati Uniti 1. Immigrazione negli Stati Uniti, fine ‘800: Nuovi luoghi di provenienza: Europa dell’Est, Italia, Cina 2. Nascita dei primi sindacati: Knights of Labor American Federation of Labor (AFL) Women’s Trade Union League (WTUL) International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union (ILGWU) 3. Età progressista: Social settlements e social workers Partito socialista Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) Birth control movement 4. Riforme del governo: Ridefinizione potere del governo federale - Ridefinizione dei rapporti tra mondo del lavoro e industria - Legislazione sociale, welfare state

Tenements

Tenements

Jacob Riis

Settlement Houses

SOCIAL WORKERS Lilian Wald Jane Addams

“Old standards must be changed if we are to attain a higher form of civilization. The strangers from across the water must be taught to discard un-American habits and conventions, to accept new ideals.” Social worker, 1917

Mabel Kittredge, Scientific Housekeeping “The whole housekeeping question is dependent on scientific management, efficiency, skilled labor and effective tools” Mabel Kittredge

National Women’s Trade Union League Mary Kenney O’Sullivan

American Federation of Labor We stand for the principle that it is wrong to permit any of the female sex of our country to be forced to work, as we believe that the man should be provided with a fair wage in order to keep his female relatives from going to work. The man is the provider and should receive enough for his labor to give his family a respectable living. Membro dell’AFL Samuel Gompers, Pres. dell’AFL

Sciopero di Lawrence, Mass. 1912

International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union

Sheppard Towner Act, 1921

Havelock Ellis Ellen Key Edward Carpenter

Emma Goldman e il birth control movement

Margaret Sanger

“No woman can call herself free who does not own and control her own body and can choose consciously whether she will or will not be a mother”. “the working class can use direct action by refusing to supply the market with children to be exploited, by refusing to populate the earth with slaves”. Margaret Sanger