LNS lay-out: accelerators and experimental halls Superconducting Cyclotron <80MeV/amu Tandem 15MV EXCYT facility: ISOL radioactive ion beams Enegy ranges: 10keV  300keV Tandem energy FRIBs: in-flight fragment separator Radioactive beams at the Cyclotron energies

courtesy of William A. Barletta US Particle Accelerator School

courtesy of William A. Barletta US Particle Accelerator School

Il Ciclotrone F = qvB = m  2 R forza di Lorentz = forza centripeta  RIV = qB/m frequenza di rivoluzione  RF = h  RIV frequenza del campo elettrico Campo magnetico stazionario Campo elettrico variabile

courtesy of William A. Barletta US Particle Accelerator School

courtesy of William A. Barletta US Particle Accelerator School

courtesy of William A. Barletta US Particle Accelerator School

F = qvB = m  2 R  RIV = qB/m  RF = h  RIV m = m 0 (1-  2 ) -1/2 Se B = B 0 (1-  2 ) -1/2   RIV cost Il Ciclotrone isocrono Andamento radiale crescente n= - (R/B)(dB/dR) <0 (field index) Focalizzazione radiale Defocalizzazione verticale R B(a.u.)

courtesy of William A. Barletta US Particle Accelerator School

La focalizzazione verticale nel Ciclotrone isocrono Per risolvere il problema della defocalizzazione verticale, si è pensato di sagomare i poli alternando zone di alto campo (creste) a zone di basso campo (valli) : i settori. La non uniformità (modulazione) azimutale del campo si esprime come: Focalizzazione di spirale Azimuthally Varying Fields (AVF)

courtesy of William A. Barletta US Particle Accelerator School

courtesy of William A. Barletta US Particle Accelerator School

Focalizzazione di Thomas

Un ciclotrone isocrono ai LNS: il Ciclotrone Superconduttore Bending limitK=800 Focusing limitKfoc=200 Pole radius90 cm Yoke outer radius190.3 cm Yoke full height286 cm Min-Max field Tesla Sectors3 RF range15-48 MHz (T/A) max = K bending (Q/A) 2 ~ 25 AMeV Au (T/A) max = K focusing (Q/A) 100 AMeV ioni leggeri

Armonica h=3 Ampiezza angolare DEE = 60 deg Sfasamento RF cavità = 0 deg B A F E D C Cavità 1 Cavità 3 Cavità 2 A B C D E F MAX GUADAGNO ENERGIA In un giro 6(q/A)V Accelerazione: principio di funzionamento

Strong focusing three-sector machine Kb = 800 and Kf = 200 Superconducting Nb-Ti coils cooled down to 4.2 K in an LHe bath. Magnetic field at the center ranges from 2.2 to 4.8 T Operational range of the radio frequency between 15 and 48 MHz Two ECR ion sources: SERSE and CAESAR  SERSE is a highly performing superconducting source, producing beams with high charge states and intensities much higher than room temperature sources  The CAESAR is a conventional ECR ion source for lighter ions with moderate charge states Superconducting Cyclotron 32% Nuclear Physics 48% Applications 20% Catana ( protontherapy for eye melanoma ) 2011 activity (2665 hours)

A XE (MeV/a.m.u.) H ,80 H ,35,45 2 D + 35,62,80 4 He25,80 He-H10, 21 9 Be C23,62,80 13 C45,55 14 N62,80 16 O21,25,55,62,80 18 O15,55 19 F35,40,50 20 Ne20,40,45,62 24 Mg50 36 Ar16,38,42 40 Ar15,20,40 40 Ca10,25,40,45 48 Ca10,45 58 Ni16,23,25,30,35,40,45 64 Ni25,35 68,70 Zn40 74 Ge40 78 Kr10 84 Kr20 86 Kr10,15,20,25 93 Nb15,17,23,30, Sn15.5,35, Sn23,30, Sn15,25,30, Xe20,21,23, Au10,15,20,21, Pb10 4 He 80 MeV/a.m.u. 112 Sn 43.5 MeV/a.m.u. Superconducting Cyclotron developed beams

Procedure operative di tuning: la diagnostica di fascio Iniezione: misura della corrente Accelerazione: misura della corrente e controllo dimensioni del fascio. Risonanza r + 2 z =3. Accoppiamento radiale-verticale Estrazione: visualizzazione del fascio nel canale di estrazione

Van De Gaaff

Tandem

operating range 2.5 – 15 MV charging system based on the belt SF6 insulating gas (6 atm) transmission next to 90% pre-injection voltage up to 450 kV well suitable for nuclear astrophysics used as a booster for ISOL beams (EXCYT) High Voltage Tandem 15 MV 4% Applications 96% Nuclear Physics 2011 activity (1810 hours)

CYCLOTRON TANDEM EXCYT PRE-INJECTOR ECR SOURCES OUVERTURE CICLOPE CHIMERA MAGNEX CATANA PROTON THERAPY 60° 80° 20° 0° 40° The Excyt ISOL facility cyclotron Tandem 10 keV – 300 keV E=0.2 MeV/A  7 MeV/A beam intensities up to now: 10 4 pps – 10 5 pps target ion - source

FRIBS: In-flight production of radioactive beams Production Target Fragment Separator

Accelerators and facilities at LNS Tandem 15MV Superconducting Cyclotron <80MeV/amu EXCYT facility: ISOL radioactive ion beams Enegy ranges: 10keV  300keV Tandem energy FRIBs: in-flight fragment separator Radioactive beams at the Cyclotron energies

LNS lay-out: accelerators and experimental halls

(approx. BTUs and a 6 months stop) Radiobiology 54 Detectors for absolute/relative dosimetry 13 Detectors for imaging 12 Implantation 8 MAPRAD 34 Test of nuclear physics detectors/damage 15 Test of new techniques for dating 5 Effects of radiation on biological systems 4 Around 51 Groups (cycling) Experiment runs during 2010/2011

is going to be developed - ion source characterization - target characterization - material science - ideas are welcome... H primary beam 70MeV 20nA Test bench for SPES – EXCYT to be installed at LNS