Docenti: Rosalba Tarquinio There’s a mail for you.. UDA Docenti: Rosalba Tarquinio Giuseppina Peluso

Back into English March 29° Dear Diary, I’m writing this in my room – it’s almost midnight and I have to get up early tomorrow, but I can’t sleep. I have to think about my future! Every day my parents ask me, “What do you want to be when you grow up?”. The problem is: I don’t know! My mum always says, “Be a doctor!”. But she doesn’t understand – to be a doctor you have to study for a long time and that’s not my idea of fun. Also I’m really bad at Biology at school. My dad often says, “Be a pilot!”. Is he crazy? He knows I hate flying! Well, I’ve got Some ideas, of course. I really want

to be a rock star. I like listening to music, too to be a rock star. I like listening to music, too. I don’t play any instruments and I sing really badly – but there are lots of rock stars like that. Now I’m getting tired and my fingers are hurting, too. So I’m going to bed. Sometimes it’s easier to think about future in bed. I get my best ideas when I’m lying down. Or perhaps one more computer games? Decisions, decisions, decisions! Life is never easy!

January 13° My mail Dear diary, I’m writing this in my room – it’s almost midnight and I have to get up early tomorrow, but I can’t sleep. I have to think about my future! Every day my parents ask me, “What do you want to be when you grow up?” . The problem is… I don’t know. My mother always says, “Be an architect!”. But she doesn’t understand. To be an architect you have to study for a long time. My father says, “Be a swimming coach!”. Is he crazy?!? He knows I hate swimming! Well, I have got some ideas of course. I really want to be an actress. I really like drama

but I don’t sing and don’t dance very well but I don’t sing and don’t dance very well. But there are a lot of actresses like that. Now I’m getting tired, so I’m going to bed. Sometimes it’s easier to think about future in bed. Or perhaps one more computer game? Decisions, decisions, decisions life is never easy! Backversion

13 gennaio My mail Caro diario, ti sto scrivendo nella mia camera – è quasi mezzanotte e devo alzarmi presto domani, ma non riesco a dormire. Devo pensare al mio futuro! Ogni giorno i miei genitori mi chiedono, “ Che cosa vuoi essere da grande?”. Il probema è… non lo so. Mia madre dice sempre, “Diventa un architetto!”. Ma lei non capisce. Per diventare un architetto bisogna studiare per molto tempo. Mio padre dice, “Diventa un allenatore di nuoto!”. E’ pazzo?!? Lui sa che odio nuotare! Bene, ho alcune idee, ovviamente. Io vorrei tanto diventare un’attrice. Mi piace molto la recitazione, ma non ballo e non canto molto bene! Ci sono molte attrici come queste.

Ora sono stanco, quindi vado a letto Ora sono stanco, quindi vado a letto. A volte è facile pensare al futuro nel letto. O forse un altro videogame? Decisioni, decisioni, decisioni… la vita non è mai facile! Go back

Back into English Hi Olivia, You can’t immagine what happened last night! Dad took us to a famous restaurant, but there weren’t many people there last night. “An unforgettable experience”, their website says. Well, it certainly was unforgettable. We ordered the “exotic surprise”. The first course was chicken and chips! The cicken was bad, but the chips were worse. Yuck! Than they gave us the “picnic-style special ham with strowberries”. You won’t believe what happened next. The waiter tried to put the plates on the table, but he dropped one. He picked the sandwich up the floorand gave it to mum. Mun asked

him to throw the sandwich away. “Aren’t you hungry. ” the waiter asked him to throw the sandwich away. “Aren’t you hungry?” the waiter asked. My dad got really hungry and told him off. But he only laughed! I tried with the dessert. Ice-cream. No comment! Next time we’ll take you to the same restaurant! Love, Thomas

My mail Hi Michael! You can’t immagine what happened last night. Mum took us to the circus, because my sister loves that, but there weren’t a lot of people there last night. “An unforgettable experience” the newspaper says. Well, it certainly was unforgettable! During the show there were horses, lions, elephants and dogs. Finally there was a clown… he was really funny! He had to do a magic show and he wanted three volunteers: two boys and a girl. And that girl was I! I danced and the boys played the guitar! It was fantastic! I loughed a lot!

Next time we’ll take you to the same magic show. Love, Martina P Next time we’ll take you to the same magic show! Love, Martina P.S : Those boys and I are in the same school! Backversion

My mail Ciao Michael! Non puoi immaginare cosa è successo la scorsa notte. La mamma ci ha portati al circo perché mia sorella lo adora, ma non c’erano molte persone lì. “Un’esperienza indimenticabile” il giornale diceva. Bene, veramente è stata un’esperienza indimenticabile! Durante lo show c’erano cavalli, leoni, elefanti e cani. Infine c’era un clown… è stato veramente divertente! Doveva fare uno spettacolo e voleva tre volontari: due ragazzi e una ragazza. La ragazza ero io! Io ho ballato e i ragazzi hanno suonato la chitarra! E’ stato fantastico! Ho riso molto! La prossima ti porterò allo stesso spettacolo! Con affetto, Martina P.S: Io e quei ragazzi andiamo nella stessa scuola! Go back

Unit 1 Objectives Grammar: Vocabulary: Functions: Past continuous Past continuous vs. past simple When / while Vocabulary: Phrases with get Music Functions: Describing past activities

Unit 1 - Vocabulary Inventions Invenzioni Boot Scarpe, stivali Chewing gum Chewing gum Dishwasher Lavastoviglie Mouse trap Trappola per topi Needle Ago Remote control Telecomando Roller skates Pattini Trye Pneumatico Wheel Ruota Windscreen wipers Tergicristallo

Hi Jean. My mail How are you. I’m fine Hi Jean! My mail How are you? I’m fine. Do you know how was made the chewing gum, for example? Well, yesterday, during my English lesson, the teacher was talking about inventions. She said that it was invented by Thomas Adams in 1869 while he was trying to produce rubber out of the juice he got from Mexican sapodilla trees. He wanted to produce toys, rain boots and bycicle tyres, but he experiment didn’t work. While he was thinking about why his experiment failed, he took a piece of the rubber he was working on and put it in his mouth. Do you know how was made the windscreen wipers? It was invented by Mary Anderson while she was going to New York with a friend on a rainy day in 1903.

Mary was watching other people driving their cars when suddenly, she got an idea: she invented a moving arm made of metal with a piece of rubber on it because they had to open their car windows and put their heads out to see better. Do you know any other inventions? Speak you soon, Martina Backversion

Ciao Jean. Come stai. Io bene Ciao Jean! Come stai? Io bene. Sai come fu inventata la chewing gum, per esempio? Bene, ieri, durante la lezione di Inglese, la professoressa stava parlando di invenzioni. Ha detto che è stata inventata da Thomas Adams nel 1869 mentre stava tentando di produrre gomma dal succo che aveva estratto dagli alberi messicani della sapodilla. Lui voleva produrre giocattoli, stivali e gomme per biciclette, ma l’esperimento non funzionò. Mentre stava pensando al perché il suo esperimento fosse fallito, ha preso un pezzo di gomma su cui stava lavorando e lo ha messo in bocca. Sai come sono stati inventati i tergicristalli? Sono stati inventati da Mary Anderson mentre stava andando a New York con un suo amico in un giorno di pioggia.

Mary stava guardando le altre persone mentre guidavano quando improvvisamente ebbe un’idea: inventò un braccio mobile fatto di metallo con un pezzo di gomma perché prima erano costretti ad aprire i finestrini delle loro auto e mettere la testa fuori per vedere meglio. Conosci qualche altra invenzione? Scrivimi presto, Martina Go back

Unit 2 Objectives Grammar: Vocabulary: Functions: Comparative and superlative adjectives Intensifiers with comparatives Adverbs / comparative adverbs Vocabulary: Adjectives and their opposites Sport and sports rules Functions: Making comparisons Describing sports events

Unit 2 - Vocabulary Sport Sport Archery Tiro con l’arco Basketball Basket Football Calcio High jump Salto in alto Javelin Giavellotto Marathon Maratona Match Partita Sprint Scatto Team Squadra Volleyball Pallavolo

Hi Mark. My mail Do you know what is my favourite sport Hi Mark! My mail Do you know what is my favourite sport? It is basket and I have loved it since I was a child. My father was a basket coach and his team was very important for him. One of the most important champions is Michael Jordan, of course, and I hope that I will be like him in the future. I think he is the best player that I have ever seen and he’s very funny! This can be crazy, but my mother hates basket!! She loves swimming and she think that Federica Pellegrini is one of the best swimmers in the world. Do you like sport? If yes, who is your favourite player? Love, Martina Backversion

Ciao Mark. My mail Sai qual è il mio sport preferito Ciao Mark! My mail Sai qual è il mio sport preferito? E’il basket e lo adoro fin da quando ero piccola. Mio padre era un allenatore di basket e la sua squadra era veramente importante per lui. Uno dei campioni più importanti è Michael Jordan, ovviamente, e spero di poter diventare come lui in futuro. Penso che lui sia il miglior giocatore che abbia mai visto ed è veramente simpatico! Potrebbe sembrare pazzo, ma mia madre odia il basket! Lei adora il nuoto e pensa che Federica Pellegrini sia una delle migliori nuotatrici al mondo. Ti piace lo sport? Se si, chi è il tuo giocatore preferito? Con affetto, Martina Go back

Comparative and superlative adjectives With monosillabic adjectives we add –er for the comparative and –est for the superlative. If the adjective end with –e, we add –r for the comparative and –st for the superlative. if the adjective end with consonant + vowel + consonant we double the consonant and add –er for the comparative and –est for the superlative. With plurisillabic adjectives we use ‘more’ for the comparitive and ‘most’ for the superlative.

Unit 3 Objectives Grammar: Vocabulary: Functions: Will / won’t, might / may (not): predictions If / unless + first conditional Vocabulary: The environment Functions: Predicting future events Talking about future possibility Discussing environmental problems

Unit 3 - Vocabulary The environment L’ambiente Air Aria Atmosphere Atmosfera Cycle lanes Piste ciclabili Dam Diga Destroy Distruggere Factory fumes Fumi industriali Global warming Riscaldamento globale Pollution (levels) (livelli di) Inquinamento Rubbish Spazzatura Solar panel Pannelli solari Temperatures Temperature

Dear Sirs, I am writing to express my opinion on some of the changes you have introduced the last month. First of all, I would like to say that I agree with improving all public transport and I think that the new electric buses will be very successfull. The new cicle lanes may also help to reduce the level of pollution because I am sure that more people will cycle if they feel safe. I would also thank you for introducing the recycling banks. However, I am not happy about the plan to build an underground railway. It will take a long time and it will be too expensive. I hope you will consider my opinion and willcontinue to listen the people who voted for you. Yours faithfully, Steve Jones

Backversion My mail Dear Sirs, I am writing to express my opinion on some of changes you have introduced the last month. First of all, I would like to say that I agree with improving all public transport and I think that the new buses will be very successfull. The new recicling banks will also help to reduce the level of pollution in the air city. However, I’m not happy about the plan to build new flats in the city centre. It will take a long time and it will be too expensive. I hope you will consider my opinion and that you will continue to listen to the people who voted for you. Yours faithfully, Martina Friuli Backversion

My mail Egregi Signori, Sto scrivendo per esprimere la mia opinione sui dei cambiamenti che avete introdotto lo scorso mese. Prima di tutto, vorrei dire di essere d’accordo con il miglioramento di tutti i sistemi di trasporto e penso che i nuovi autobus avranno molto successo. Le nuove isole ecologiche aiuteranno anche a ridurre l’inquinamento nella città. Tuttavia non sono contenta del progetto di costruire nuovi palazzi in centro. Ci vorrà molto tempo ed è troppo costoso. Spero voi consideriate la mia opinione e che voi continuiate ad ascoltare le persone che vi hanno votati. Distinti saluti, Martina Friuli Go back

Unit 4 - Vocabulary North American English British English Italiano Apartment Flat Appartamento Cab Taxi Taxi Candy Sweets Caramelle Cookies Biscuits Biscotti Elevator Lift Ascensore Pants Trousers Pantaloncini Soccer Football Calcio Subway Underground Metropolitana Vacation Holiday Vacanza

Hi there. My name’s Ben Barners, I’m 15 year old Hi there! My name’s Ben Barners, I’m 15 year old. My interests are music, computers and travelling. I play the lead guitar in a band called Cool Cats, and after only a year we’ve already had quite a lot of success. We haven’t made a CD yet, but that is next on our agenda. I spend a lot of time using the computer and I’ve just bought a new one that we can use for recording. The software is quite complicated, so I haven’t really worked out how to use it yet. I’ve already travelled quite a lot. I’ve just recently come back from a really great holiday in Barcelona. Have you been there? It’s great! Well, that’s all for now, folks! Get in touch! Love, Ben

Backversion My mail Hi there! My name’s Martina Friuli, I’m 15 years old. My interests are dancing, travelling and music. I have synchro-dance and hip-hop twice a week in a school called “Shall we dance?”. I have already had a lot of success, in fact I won a lot of competitions. I usually travel three times a year with my parents. I love Italy and my favourite city is Rome. I spend a lot of time listening to various kind of music like modern, and house. I also like going to the disco with my friends on some Saturdays night. Well, mum is calling me so I can’t write any more. Love, Martina Backversion

My mail Ciao! Mi chiamo Martina Friuli e ho 15 anni. I miei hobby sono la danza, viaggiare e la musica. Ho synchro-dance e hip-hop due volte a settimana in una scuola chiamata “Shall we dance?”. Ho già avuto molti successi, infatti ho vinto molte competizioni. Di solito viaggio tre volte all’anno con i miei genitori. Amo l’Italia e la mia città preferita è Roma. Spendo molto tempo ad ascoltare vari generi di musica come moderno e house. Adoro anche andare in discoteca con i miei amici alcuni sabati sera. Bene, mia mamma mi sta chiamando, non posso scrivere più niente. Con affetto, Martina Go back

Unit 5 Objectives Grammar: Vocabulary: Functions: Present simple passive Let / be allowed to Vocabulary: Describing a person’s age Functions: Describing a ceremony Talking about permission

Unit 5 - Vocabulary Ages Età Baby Neonato Child Bambino Elderly person Anziano Lifespan Arco di una vita Lifetime Durata della vita Middle – aged person Persona di mezza età Pensioner Pensionato Teeneger Adolescente Toddler Bambino piccolo Young adult Ragazzo

MY MAIL Hi Daniel! I was surfing on internet this morning and I was reading about the Niowra tribe and its rites and I want to talk to you about this. On the island of Papua New Guinea, the Niowra tribe lives near Sepik river, which is full of crocodiles. These people believe that crocodiles made the Earth and its people. When it is time for a teenager boy to become man, an unusual and painful ceremony takes place: a crocodile ceremony. The boys are taken to a hut called The Crocodile Nest that is full of skulls and crocodile teeth. The boys are treated very badly and bamboo is used to make cuts on their chests and their backs. Knives are not used because bamboo is more painful.

When the ceremony is over and the boys are out of the hut, there is singing and dancing. Do you know another tribe with unusual rites? Speak you soon, Martina Backversion

Ciao Daniel! Questa mattina stavo navigando su internet e stavo leggendo della tribù di Niowra e dei suoi riti e volevo parlartene. Sull’isola di Papua Nuova Guinea, la tribù di Niowra vive vicino al fiume Sepik che è pieno di coccodrilli. Questo popolo crede che i coccodrilli costituiscano la Terra e le sue persone. Quando è tempo per un ragazzo di diventare uomo, prende luogo un’insolita e dolorosa cerimonia: la cerimonia del coccodrillo. I ragazzi sono condotti in una capanna chiamata Il Nido del Coccodrillo che è pieno di scheletri e di denti di coccodrillo. I ragazzi sono trattati molto male e il bamboo è usato per fare tagli sul petto e sulle loro schiene. I coltelli non sono usati perché il bamboo

è più doloroso. Quando la cerimonia è finita e i ragazzi sono fuori dalla capanna ci sono canti e danze. Conosci un’altra tribù con riti insoliti? Scrivimi presto, Martina Go back

Unit 6 Objectives Grammar: Vocabulary: Functions: Present perfect simple with ‘for’ and ‘since’ For vs. since Vocabulary: Verb and noun pairs Functions: Talking about unfinished situations

Unit 6 - Vocabulary Verb and noun pairs Espressioni verbo + sostantivo Have a drink Bere qualcosa Have a good time Divertirsi Have a good laught Farsi una bella risata Have an argument Litigare Have fun Divertirsi Make a fool of yourself Fare la figura del cretino Make a joke Fare una battuta Make friends Fare amicizia Make funny faces Fare le smorfie Make plans Fare progetti

Hi Jason! My mail Yesterday I was reading my sister’s English book and I discovered some information about the power of humor. Do you know that the old saying “Laughter in the best medicine” is true? Well, doctors have found that it is true. People in England, every two years in spring, put on a red nose and do things to make themselves and others laugh. People can buy a red nose in supermarkets or in other shops and parts of the money goes to the Comic Relief wich is an organization that helps people in need. This organization has helped people for more than twenty years now.

In New Zeland, for example, people have made big red noses which they put on in front of cars and even buildings! What do you think? Love, Martina Backversion

Ciao Jason! Ieri stavo leggendo il libro di Inglese di mia sorella e ho trovato alcune informazioni sulla potenza della risata. Sai che un vecchio detto “Ridere è la migliore medicina” è vero? Bene, i dottori hanno scoperto che è vero. Le persone in Inghilterra, ogni due anni in primavera, indossano un naso rosso e fanno cose che fanno ridere loro e le altre persone. Possono comprare un naso rosso nei supermercati o in altri negozi e parte dei soldi va alla Comic Relief che è un’organizzazione che aiuta le persone nel bisogno. Ha aiutato le persone per più di vent’anni. In Nuova Zelanda, per esempio, la popolazione ha fatto grandi nasi rossi che vengono messi nelle macchine e anche negli edifici! Con affetto, Martina Go back

Unit 7 Objectives Grammar: Vocabulary: Functions: Past simple passive A / an, the or zero article Vocabulary: Disasters Functions: Talking about natural disasters

Unit 7 – Vocabulary Disasters Disastri Avalanche Valanga Car crash Incidente stradale Drought Siccità Earthquake Terremoto Flood Alluvione Greenhouse effect Effetto serra Homeless Senzatetto Huge Enorme Hurricane Uragano Locust Locusta

Hi Carl. My mail I am really worried about the climate changes Hi Carl! My mail I am really worried about the climate changes. Today, during Geography lesson, our teacher was talking about the global warming and especially of Tuvalu. It will soon become the first city to be uninhabitable because of the climate changes and the rising sea levels. Tuvalu is near Fiji, that is a group of nine islands. Geograhically, the tiny country is the fourth smallest in the world after Monaco, Vatican and Nauru. In the summer Tuvalu gets severe hurricanes that have recentely become more frequent and they have damaged houses and buildings. They also have killed the fish in the seas around the island. The fish are an important source of food for this people.

The Tuvalu government has begun a programme to reduce the level of the emission of greenhouse gases, but this will not change the situation, and eventually, the Tuvaluans will have to leave their island. What do you think? Speak you soon, Martina Backversion

Ciao Carl! Sono veramente preoccupata riguardo al cambiamento climatico. Oggi, durante la lezione di Geografia, la nostra professoressa stava parlando del riscaldamento globale e specialmente di Tuvalu. Questa diventerà la prima città a diventare inabitabile per le variazioni climatiche e l’aumento del livello del mare. Tuvalu è vicino alle Fiji, che è un gruppo di nove isole. Geograficamente, la piccola città è la quarta più piccola al mondo dopo Monaco, Vaticano e Nauru. Nell’estate Tuvalu subisce forti uragani che sono diventati, recentemente, più frequenti e che hanno danneggiato case e costruzioni. Hanno anche ucciso il pesce nei mari

intorno all’isola. Il pesce è un’importante risorsa di cibo per questa popolazione. Il governo di Tuvalu ha adottato un programma per ridurre il livello di emissioni di gas serra, ma questo non cambierà la situazione ed, eventualmente, ali abitanti di Tuvalu dovranno andarsene dall’isola. Cosa ne pensi? Scrivimi presto, Martina Go back

Unit 8 Objectives Grammar: Vocabulary: Functions: Too much / too many: not enough Will vs.be going to Vocabulary: Homes Functions: Describing quantity Talking about the future: decisions and promises

Unit 8 - Vocabulary Homes Case Accomodation Alloggio Basement Seminterrato Block of flats Condominio Bungalow Casa ad un solo piano Camper van Camper Caravan Roulotte Cave Caverna Cottage Casetta di campagna Detached house Villetta unifamiliare Semi – detached house Casa bifamiliare

Hi Jason! My mail I am just returned from a holiday in a cave of Granada. It was unforgettable! If you are looking for a different kind of holiday, I am sure that in this historic caves you will have a holiday that you’ll never forget! There have been cave dwellers for more than thousand years. A cave house in Andalusia can be anything from a small country cottage to a fully equipped cave guesthouse. Some caves have a swimming pool too. You won’t want to leave because the temperature in the cave is around 18-20° C and you’ll sleep better in a cave than in a normal hotel. You won’t believe how calm you feel! Try it! Love, Martina Backversion

Ciao Jason! Sono appena ritornata da una vacanza in una grotta di Granada. E’ stato indimenticabile! Se stai pensando ad un diverso tipo di vacanza, sono sicura che in una di queste grotte storiche avrai una vacanza indimenticabile! Ci sono stati cavernicoli per più di mille anni. Una casa grotta in Andalusia può essere qualsiasi cosa, da un piccolo chalet a una pensione completamente attrezzata. Alcune grotte hanno anche una piscina. Non te ne vorrai andare perché la temperatura nella grotta è di 18-20° C e dormirai meglio in una grotta che in un hotel normale. Non crederai come si sente la calma! Provalo! Con affetto, Martina Go back

Unit 9 Objectives Grammar: Vocabulary: Functions: Determiners Must / mustn’t vs. don’t have to Vocabulary: Sleeping and waking Multiple intelligences Functions: Talking about memory Talking about obligation, prohibition and lack of necessity

Unit 9 - Vocabulary Sleeping and waking Dormire e svegliarsi Be asleep Essere addormentato Be awake Essere sveglio Bedtime Ora di andare a letto Dream Sognare Get up Alzarsi Go to bed Andare a letto Go to sleep Addormentarsi Nightmare Incubo Sleep in Restare a dormire Talk in your sleep Parlare nel sonno Wake up Svegliarsi

Hi Phil! My mail Yesterday I was surfing on Internet and I founded some information about our brain. The brain is very light and makes up the only two per cent of total body weight, but it needs about 20% of the oxygen that the body takes in. After five to ten seconds without oxygen, we lose consciousness: this means that we can’t think well in rooms that are stuffy. When you read something that you want to remember, tell a friend about it. Don’t over–train your brain and it’s better to study a lot of material for a small amount of time than a small amount of time for a lot of time! If you have to remember something big, break it down into smaller sections.

One of the best ways of remembering is to make “pictures” on the “movie screen” of your mind in fact experts say that our brain works a lot in pictures. Nice, isn’t it? Reply soon, Martina Backversion

Ciao Phil! Ieri stavo navigando su Internet e ho trovato alcune informazioni sul nostro cervello. Il cervello è molto leggero e compone solo il 2% di tutto il peso corporeo, ma ha bisogno del 20% dell’ossigeno che il corpo prende. Dopo i cinque ai dieci secondi senza ossigeno, noi perdiamo conoscenza: questo significa che non possiamo pensare bene in stanza che sono poco areate. Quando leggi qualcosa che vuoi ricordare, parlane a un tuo amico. Non allenare troppo il tuo cervello ed è meglio studiare tanto in poco tempo che studiare poco in tanto tempo! Se devi ricordare qualcosa di grande, dividilo in piccole sezioni.

Uno dei modi migliori per ricordare è creare “immagini” nello “schermo” della tua mente infatti gli esperti dicono che il nostro cervello lavora molto sulle immagini. Carino vero? Rispondi presto, Martina Go back

Unit 10 Objectives Grammar: Vocabulary: Functions: Present perfect continuous Present perfect simple vs. continuous Vocabulary: Music and musical instruments Functions: Talking about unfinished situations Talking about repetition and continuation up to now

Unit 10 - Vocabulary Music and instruments Musica e strumenti Acoustic guitar Chitarra acustica Clarinet Clarinetto Classical Classica Drum group Gruppi di percussioni Drums Batteria Electric guitar Chitarra elettrica Flute Flauto Jazz Jazz Keyboards Tastiere Percussionist Batterista Songwriter Autore di canzoni

Hi Sarah. My mail I am just returned from Salvador Hi Sarah! My mail I am just returned from Salvador! It was a fantastic holyday! If you take a walk in the streets of Salvador, you’ll soon hear music - probably the amazing rhythm of drum groups, or the sound of a berimbau. Most tourists don’t go to the small neighbourhood of Candeal. Candeal is where Carlinhos Brown was born in 1962. Carlinhos became a musician and has had a lot of success. Since 1982, he has been a major player on the Brazilian pop scene. In the 90s, he became known internationally as the leader of the musical group Timbalada. They recorded eight albums and toured various countries around the world. Backversion

Ciao Sarah. My mail Sono appena ritornata dal Salvador Ciao Sarah! My mail Sono appena ritornata dal Salvador! È stata una vacanza fantastica! Se passeggi nelle strade del Salvador, sentirai presto la musica – probabilmente il ritmo più incredibile di tamburristi, o il suono del berimbau. Però molti turisti non vanno nel piccolo quartiere di Candeal. Candeal è dove Carlinhos Brown nacque nel 1962. Carlinhos divenne un musicista ed ebbe molto successo. Dal 1982, è stato uno dei maggiori suonatori nella scena del pop in Brasile. Negli anni 90, lui divenne noto a livello internazionale come il leader del gruppo musicale Timbalada. Loro registrarono otto album e girarono vari paesi attorno al mondo. Con affetto, Martina Go back

Unit 11 Objectives Grammar: Vocabulary: Functions: Defining relative clauses Used to Vocabulary: Medicine Functions: Talking about past habits Talking about health

Unit 11 - Vocabulary Medicine Medicina Ambulance Ambulanza Backache Mal di schiena Disease Malattia Headache Mal di testa Infection Infezione Pill Pillola Skin disease Malattia della pelle Smallpox Vaiolo Stomach ache Mal di stomaco Toothache Mal di denti Vaccine Vaccnino

Hi Carmen! Yesterday, I was surfing on Internet and I discovered some information about medicine in the past. Since the beginning of time, people have had illnesses and doctors have tried to cure them. In the days when people knew very little about medicine, some very strange and horrible cures were tried. Here are some of the worst! TOOTHACHE Ancient Egyptians who had toothache, used to find a dead mouse and put it in their mouth, leaving it there for a few hours. But who knows if it take the toothache away? BACKACHE People who suffer from it can experience a lot of pain. Sometimes it’s because a vertebra is out of position.

In Ancient Greece, doctors used to tied the patient to a ladder, pulled the ladder up high and then let it fall to the ground. The vertebra went back to the right place. But this ‘cure’ probably caused more backache than it cured! BALDNESS Men whose hair is falling out are never happy about it. The Ancient Egyptians took the fat of a lion, a hippopotamus, a cat and a snake, mixed them together - and then rubbed the mixture into the man’s head. Maybe it stopped baldness, maybe not. SCROFULA In the middle age people who had scrofula, a common skin disease could easily get rid of it - they just had to get the king or queen to touch them. Love, Martina Backversion

Ciao Carmen! My mail Ieri, stavo navigando in internet e ho scoperto alcune informazioni sulla medicina nel passato. Fin dall'inizio dei tempi, le persone hanno avuto malattie e i dottori hanno provato a curarle. Quando le persone sapevano poco sulla medicina, alcune strane e orribili cure sono state provate. Qui ci sono alcune delle peggiori! MAL DI DENTI Gli antichi egizi che avevano mal di denti, erano soliti cercare un topo morto e metterlo nella loro bocca, lasciandolo li per qualche ora. Ma chi lo sa se prendevano il mal di denti di nuovo? MAL DI SCHIENA Le persone che ne soffrono possono sperimentare molto dolore. A volte è perchè una vertebra è fuori dalla posizione

Nell'antica Grecia, i dottori erano soliti legare i pazienti su una scala, alzare la scala e dopo lasciarla cadere a terra. La vertebra tornava nella giusta posizione. Ma questa “cura” probabilmente causava maggior mal di schiena che guarire! CALVIZIE Gli uomini i cui capelli cadevano non erano mai felici di questo. Gli antichi egizi prendevano il grasso di leone, di ippopotamo, di gatto e di un serpente, li miscelavano insieme e dopo strofinavano la miscela sui capelli degli uomini. Forse fermavano la calvizie, forse no. SCROFOLA Nel medioevo le persone che avevano la scrofola, una malattia comune della pelle, potevano facilmente sbarazzarsene – loro dovevano solo essere toccati dalla regina o dal re. Con affetto, Martina Go back

Unit 12 Objectives Grammar: Vocabulary: Functions: Second conditional Information technology and computers Functions: Talking about immaginary situations

Unit 12 - Vocabulary Information technology Informatica Adaptor Adattatore Copy Copiare Download Scaricare Headset Auricolari Log on Entrare Offline Disconnesso Online Connesso Printer Stampante Screen Schermo Virtual Virtuale Website Sito web

Hi Joel! My mail I am an interviewer and yesterday I asked two teenagers from the USA about what they think of the Internet. Question 1: How often do you use the Internet, and what for? Kylie: I use it every day. I write emails, I chat, and I have my own blog on myspace. com. If we didn’t have the Internet, life would be really boring, I think! Brett: I use it a lot too. I have my own web page, and I use it to write about my hobbies and my interests. I also post videos quite often. Question 2: If a friend asked you to recommend a really good website, which one would you recommend? Kylie: l would say agirlsworld.com! It gives girls advice on what to do in difficult situations, but it’s also fun, and there’s some interesting reading stuff.

Brett: If someone asked me that question, I wouldn’t know what to say Brett: If someone asked me that question, I wouldn’t know what to say. I visit so many websites. There isn’t definitely one website that I would recommend. Question 3: Do you ever listen to podcasts? Kylie: Oh, absolutely. And I sometimes send in my own files. I think it’s great that you can say what you think and other young people all over the world can listen to you. Brett: No way! I haven’t got the time. But even if I had more time, I would bother with videocasts. Question 4: If you were offered a job in computing, would it be of interest to you? Kylie: I want to work with people. You can meet thousands of people on the web, but I’d rather meet real people in my job. I’d like to be the manager of a big Internet company - with lots of people! Brett: Definitely. If I had the chance, I’d like to work as a web designer. I like creating my own things. Backversion

Ciao Joel! Mia mail Sono un intervistatore e ieri ho domandato a due adolescenti degli USA cosa pesano di internet . Domanda 1: quanto spesso usi internet, e per cosa? Kylie: lo uso ogni giorno. Scrivo email, messaggi e possiedo un mio blog su myspace.com. Penso che se non ci fosse internet, la vita sarebbe molto noiosa. Brett: anche io lo uso molto. Possiedo una pagina web, e la uso per scrivere sui miei hobby e i miei interessi. Inserisco anche dei video abbastanza spesso. Domanda 2: se un amico ti chiedesse di consigliare un buon sito, quale consiglieresti? Kylie: potrei dire agirlsworld.com! Dà consigli alle ragazze su cosa fare nelle situazioni difficili, ma è anche divertente, e c'è qualche lettura interessante. Brett: se qualcuno mi domandasse questo, non saprei cosa dire. Visito così tanti siti.

Non c'è in definitiva un sito che consiglierei, Domanda 3: hai mai ascoltato i podcast? Kylie: oh, assolutamente. E a volte invio i file che posseggo. Penso sia bello che tu dica la tua opinione e che altre persone di tutto il mondo ti possano ascoltare. Brett: Assolutamente no! Non ho il tempo. Ma anche se avessi avuto più tempo, io mi sarei concentrato con i videocast. Domanda 4: Se viene offerto un posto di lavoro nel settore informatico, sarebbe di interesse per voi? Kylie: voglio lavorare con la gente. Si possono incontrare migliaia di persone sul web, ma io preferirei incontrare persone reali nel mio lavoro. Mi piacerebbe essere il manager di una grande azienda Internet - con un sacco di gente! Brett: Sicuramente. Se avessi la possibilità, mi piacerebbe lavorare come web designer. Mi piace creare le mie cose. Ora devo andare Scrivimi presto, Martina Go back

Unit 13 Objectives Grammar: Vocabulary: Functions: Narrative tenses: past perfect / past simple / past continuous Vocabulary: Noun suffixes –r, -er, -or and –ist Functions: Describing events in the past and earlier past

Unit 13 - Vocabulary Noun suffixes Suffissi dei sostantivi Archaeologist Archeologo Astronomer Astronomo Biologist Biologo Decorator Imbianchino Farmer Agricoltore Inventor Inventore Juggler Giocatore Plumber Idraulico Receptionist Portiere Ruler Governante

Hi Patrik! My mail Yesterday, I was reading my sister’s Geography book and I read some information about Mayans. In 1848, in Guatemala, a man called Ambrosio Tut went out into the jungle. Tut was a gum-collector, looking for gum in the jungle. On one particular day, he saw to the top of a tree. He saw the tops of some old buildings. Tut knew it was something special. He ran to tell the local governor, and together they walked into the jungle. There they found Tikal, the city that the Mayans had built many hundreds of years before. The two men saw temples and pyramids, squares and houses, and palaces where kings had lived when the Mayan people ruled the region. Between 200 and 900 AD, the city of Tikal had been the centre of Mayan

civilisation in the region, but then, for some unknown reason, the Mayans left it, and after 1000 AD, the jungle began to cover it and people soon forgot where it was. Seven years before Tut looked out from the trees, two British explorers had written a report about Mayan treasures but they hadn’t mentioned Tikal. Local Indians had told European travellers about a great city hidden in the trees, but no one had listened to them. Now archaeologists went there immediately to see it. Nice, isn’t it? Love, Martina Backversion

Ciao Patrik! My mail Ieri stavo leggendo il libro di Geografia di mia sorella e ho letto alcune informazioni sui Maya. Nel 1848, in Guatemala, un uomo di nome Ambrosio Tut andò nella giungla. Tut era un collezionista di gomme, in cerca di gomma nella giungla. In un giorno particolare, ha visto la cima di un albero. Vide le cime di alcuni vecchi edifici. Tut sapeva che era qualcosa di speciale. Corse a riferirlo al governatore locale, e insieme camminarono nella giungla. Trovarono Tikal, la città che i Maya avevano costruito molte centinaia di anni prima. I due uomini videro templi e piramidi, piazze e case, e palazzi dove i re avevano vissuto quando il popolo Maya governava la regione. Tra il 200 e il 900 d.C., la città di Tikal era stato il centro della civiltà Maya nella regione, ma poi, per qualche ragione sconosciuta, i Maya la lasciarono, e dopo il 1000 d.C.,

la giungla ha cominciato a coprirla e la gente presto dimenticò dov'era. Sette anni prima la visione dagli alberi di Tut, due esploratori britannici avevano scritto un rapporto su I tesori dei maya, ma non avevano menzionato Tikal. Gli indiani locali avevano detto ai viaggiatori europei di una grande città, nascosta tra gli alberi, ma nessuno li aveva ascoltati. Ora gli archeologi sono andati lì subito a vederla. Con affetto, Martina Go back

Unit 14 Objectives Grammar: Vocabulary: Functions: Reported statements: say, tell Reported questions: ask Third conditional Vocabulary: Noun suffixes: -ation and –ment Functions: Reporting statementsand questions in the past

Unit 14 - Vocabulary Noun suffixes Suffissi dei sostantivi Accomodation Alloggio Advertisement Pubblicità Enterainment Divertimento Donation Donazione Improvement Miglioramento Management Gestione Payment Pagamento Presentation Presentazione Quotation Citazione Reservation Prenotazione Treatment Trattamento

Hi Peter! Yesterday, during lunch, I was reading the newspaper and I read an unusual article. It says that in 1962, a Croatian music teacher named Frane Selak got on a train to go to Dubrovnik. He didn’t know that it was the beginning of almost 40 years of accidents and near-death experiences. During the journey, the train came off the tracks and fell into an icy river, killing 17 passengers. Selak managed to swim back to the shore. He had a broken arm and he needed treatment for shock. A year later, Selak was on a plane from Zagreb to Rijeka when a door suddenly opened and he fell out. A few minutes later the plane crashed; 19 people were killed. Selak woke up in a hospital. He had been lucky -he’d landed in a haystack. In 1995 he was hit by a bus but had again no major injuries.

The End Martina Friuli II^H Then, in 1996 he was driving on a mountain road when he saw a lorry coming straight at him. He drove the car off the road, jumped out, landed in a tree-and watched his car explode 100 meters below. If he hadn't jumped out and if the tree hadn’t been there, he would have died. In June 2003, aged 74, Selak bought his first lottery ticket in 40 years and won more than €1 million. Selak said he was going to enjoy his life from then on. In 2004 a TV company in Australia said they wanted him to make an advertisement. At first he accepted, but then he changed his mind. Selak said he wouldn’t fly to Sydney for the filming. If he had accepted the invitation, maybe he would have had another accident. But Mr. Selak is a lucky man. If he’d had another accident, he probably would have survived that too! Crazy, isn’t it? Write me soon, Martina The End Martina Friuli II^H Backversion

Ciao Pietro! My mail Ieri, durante il pranzo, stavo leggendo il giornale e ho letto un articolo insolito. Si dice che nel 1962, un insegnante di musica croata di nome Frane Selak salì su un treno per andare a Dubrovnik. Non sapeva che era l'inizio di quasi 40 anni di incidenti e di esperienze pre-morte. Durante il viaggio, il treno uscì fuori dai binari e cadde in un fiume ghiacciato, uccidendo 17 passeggeri. Selak riuscì a nuotare verso la riva. Aveva un braccio rotto e aveva bisogno di cure per lo shock. Un anno dopo, Selak era su un aereo da Zagabria a Rijeka quando una porta si aprì improvvisamente e cadde fuori. Pochi minuti dopo l'aereo precipitò, 19 persone morirono. Selak si svegliò in un ospedale. Era stato fortunato: era atterrato in un pagliaio. Nel 1995 fu investito da un autobus, ma ancora una volta non ci furono feriti gravi. Poi, nel 1996, mentre stava

guidando su una strada di montagna, vide un camion che si dirigeva verso di lui. Diresse l'auto fuori strada, saltò fuori, è cadde su un alberoin tempo per vedere la sua macchina esplodere a 100 metri sotto. Se non fosse saltato fuori e se l'albero non ci fosse stato, sarebbe morto. Nel giugno 2003, all'età di 74 anni, Selak comprò il suo primo biglietto della lotteria in 40 anni e vinse più di 1.000.000 €. Selak disse che aveva intenzione di godersi la vita da quell momento in poi. Nel 2004 una società televisiva in Australia ha detto che lo voleva per una pubblicità. In un primo momento accettò, ma poi cambiò idea. Selak disse che non sarebbe andato in volo a Sydney per le riprese. Se avesse accettato l'invito, forse avrebbe avuto un altro incidente. Ma il signor Selak è un uomo fortunato. Se avesse avuto un altro incidente, probabilmente sarebbe sopravvissuto anche a questo! Mitico, non è vero? Scrivimi presto, Martina Go back

Go back Past continuous When / while The past continuous refers to past action in progress. Usually we don’t find the expressions of time but another sentence with a simple past. When / while We often use when with the past simple and while with the past continuous. Go back

Go back First conditional In English we use if + subjects and present simple in the dipendent close an will / won’t, may or might in the main close. We use will / won’t for future actions that are sure. We use might / might not or may / may not for future actions that aren’t sure. We use unless instead if not. Go back

Go back Already, yet, just Question tags We use already in positive sentences. We use yet in questions and negatives. We use just to say that an action happened a very short time ago. Question tags With positive sentences we use a negative question tag and with negative sentences we use a positive question tag. With modal verbs we repeat the auxiliary verb in the tag. Go back

Present simple passive We use the present simple passive when we don’t know who does the action. We form it with the present simple of be and the past participle of the principal verb. Let / be allowed to We use let and be allowed to to talk about permission. Go back

Go back Duration form Present perfect Since and for We use the duration form when we talk about the duration of an action. Present perfect We use the present perfect simple for actions that started in the past and continue to the present. We form it with subject + present simple of have + past participle of the principal verb. Since and for We use for for a duration We use since for the biginning Go back

A / an, the or zero article Past simple passive We forme the past simple passive with the past simple of be and the past participle of the principal verb. A / an, the or zero article We use an or a when we talk about something for the first time. We use the when it is cclear of wich person or wich thing we are talking about. We use zero article to talk about things in general. Go back

Too much / too many; not enough Will vs. be going to For decisions and plans made before the moment of speaking, we use be going to. For predictions, offers and promises, we use will / won’t. Too much / too many; not enough We use too much with uncountble nouns. We use too many with countble nouns. We use not enough with both countble and uncountble nouns. Go back

Must / mustn’t vs. have to don’t have to We use must or mustn’t to give someone strong advice or for expressing strong obligation. We use have to / don’t have to to say that something is / isn’t neccessary. Go back

Present perfect continuous We use the present percect continuous to: Talk about situations that started in the past and are still continuing now; Talk about actions that have just stopped and may have a result in the present; Focus on how long an activity has been in progress. The activity may or may not be complete. Go back

Defining relative causes We use defining relative causes to make it clear exactly who, or what, youa re talking about. We use who or that for people. We use wich or that for things and animals. We use where for places. We use whose for possession. Used to Used to + verb expresses an action wich happened regulary in the past but doesn’t happen in the present. Go back

Go back Second conditional To form the secon conditional we use if + past simple, + would / wouldn’t (would not) + verb. We use it to talk about ipotetic actions in the present or in the future. Go back

Past perfect We use the past perfect to make it clear that one action happened before / at the same time as another action in the past. We form it with subject + past simple of have + past participle of the principal verb. Go back

Go back Third conditional We form the third conditional with if + past perfect , would / would not + past participle. We use the third conditional to talk about imagined situations in the past. Go back