V. Bonvicini INFN Trieste IFD2015, Torino, dicembre 2015 Highlights and perspectives V. Bonvicini INFN - Trieste

Disclaimer What this talk will NOT be: – A precise review of all contributions/challenges/techniques presented in the Workshop (impossible and, in my opinion, boring…) What it tries to be: – A summary of the scope of this Workshop, with emphasis on some key points (my personal viewpoint!) – A path to the roundtable 12/18/2015V. Bonvicini - IFD Torino2

IFD2015 Bring together the vast INFN community involved in detector technology development: many achievements/efforts can be extremely useful for applications different from the starting one; – Times have changed (and available resources too): we cannot afford anymore duplications of R&D… Some strategic elements have emerged: – Collaboration with the industries – Collaboration with other Research Institutes – Preservation and development of the know-how and transmission to the next generations 12/18/2015V. Bonvicini - IFD Torino3

Examples of cross-fertilization – 1: MPGDs 12/18/2015V. Bonvicini - IFD Torino4 S. Levorato, this Workshop As shown, MPGD are a world in fast and dynamic evolution, namely: MPGD FUTURE HAS ALREADY STARTED ! Applications: HEP Low Energy Nuclear Physics Neutron detection Rare events by TPC with MPGD R/O Interdisciplinary applications (Society)

Examples of cross-fertilization – 2: Photosensors 12/18/2015V. Bonvicini - IFD Torino5 G. Collazuol, this Workshop

Examples of cross-fertilization – 3 Space 12/18/2015V. Bonvicini - IFD Torino6 O. Adriani, this Workshop

Some important aspects: timing Excellent time resolution is emerging as a key issue in many physics cases: – HL-LHC Tracking System – HL-LHC Calorimetry – HL-LHC Forward Muon Systems – HL-LHC trigger electronics – Detectors for high-brilliance FELs – Fast timing in ToF-PET – On-line monitoring of the Bragg Peak in PT See e.g. N. Cartiglia’s talk on ultra-fast silicon detectors development for 4D tracking 12/18/2015V. Bonvicini - IFD Torino7

Some important aspects: front-end electronics, trigger and DAQ Detectors are deaf, dumb and blind without good FEE, trigger and DAQ – Greater design complexity requires shared tools and knowledge – HEP is still a dwarf compared to consumer electronics… The signal processing function is a fundamental part of a detection system… (P.F. Manfredi) 12/18/2015V. Bonvicini - IFD Torino8

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Collaboration with industry 12/18/2015V. Bonvicini - IFD Torino10

Collaboration with industry 12/18/2015V. Bonvicini - IFD Torino11

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Collaboration with other Research Institutes/Communities New technologies require collaborations – Some technologies are in our hands, other are not – Even for “our” technologies, cross-collaboration and knowledge amongst the community is crucial (this workshop!) – A few examples… 12/18/2015V. Bonvicini - IFD Torino13

12/18/2015V. Bonvicini - IFD Torino14 P. Lenzi, this Workshop

12/18/2015V. Bonvicini - IFD Torino15 P. Lenzi, this Workshop

12/18/2015V. Bonvicini - IFD Torino16 G. Chiodini, this Workshop

12/18/2015V. Bonvicini - IFD Torino17 G. Chiodini, this Workshop

Graphene Possible applications interesting for our physics: – Scintillating bolometers for DM and 0 DBD – CMB (if the GHz range will be achieved) – Near Infrared Fluorescence (UHECR) – Charged particle detectors – Microelectronics 12/18/2015V. Bonvicini - IFD Torino18

Other inputs for the roundtable… 12/18/2015V. Bonvicini - IFD Torino19 Detectors for rare events experiments – R&D on highly radio-pure scintillating materials, new scintillators containing interesting isotopes Detectors for DM search with anisotropic response (directionality of DM candidates inducing nuclear recoil): different strategies. Alternative detection techniques for axions (KWISPs, …) Dark energy: ideas?

12/18/2015V. Bonvicini - IFD Torino20 Detectors are our eyes We, as a field, need to maintain and develop detector expertise. Today’s detector marvels are not automatically reproducible by the next generation. Three essential elements: – Training: organizing and stimulating participation in instrumentation schools – Experimenting: encouraging young experimentalists to do hands-on detector work especially in smaller, shorter scale experiments and R&D – Rewarding: giving proper recognition of excellence in instrumentation development in careers at universities and research institutions. F. Forti, Elba 2014

Thanks to our Torino hosts (Director, Secretariat, technical support, etc.) for the organization and hospitality A particular THANK YOU to Nadia for the incredible work done… 12/18/2015V. Bonvicini - IFD Torino21

Prossimo futuro Speakers: con istruzioni per i proceedings (scadenza 20/1/2016) 4-6 pag. max Tutti sono pregati di contribuire al documento del Workshop (draft entro 20/1/2016) da finalizzare per What Next febbraio /18/2015V. Bonvicini - IFD Torino22

Spare slides 12/18/2015V. Bonvicini - IFD Torino23

R&D sui rivelatori in CSN5 Rivelatori avanzati, ma basati su paradigmi/materiali “convenzionali”: – HEP/Astroparticle/Rare events/Biosensors – X-rays, Advanced Light Sources, PET/Medical imaging Esotici: – Graphene – SiC Uno sguardo al futuro – Alcuni R&D “physics-driven” – More Graphene and other 2D-materials – New scintillators – Organic – Nanotubes (anche IC) 12/18/2015V. Bonvicini - IFD Torino24

Panorama attuale in CSN5 - 1 Sviluppo di nuovi sensori/elettronica per le prossime sfide HE/HI: – HVR-CCPD: hybrid pixel detectors on HV/HR CMOS substrate (evolution of the MAPS) capacitively coupled to the FEE Collaboration with STMicroelectronics; NDA signed – SEED: development of CMOS sensors with significant depletion depth and a high degree of local signal processing Collaboration with Lfoundry (Avezzano) and FBK/TIFPA Access to Lfoundry CMOS technologies for both sensors and VLSI design and production Complementarity with FBK 12/18/2015V. Bonvicini - IFD Torino25 “Convenzionali”

Panorama attuale in CSN5 - 2 Sviluppo di nuovi sensori/elettronica per le prossime sfide HE/HI: UFSD (Ultra Fast Silicon Detectors): thin Si detectors with internal charge multiplication –  x  20 µm,  t  20 ps – Applications in: (pile-up rejection) TOF with particle ID Electronic microscopy Beam monitor for particle therapy 12/18/2015V. Bonvicini - IFD Torino26 ERC-Advanced 2014! “Convenzionali”

Panorama attuale in CSN5 - 3 Sviluppo di nuovi sensori/elettronica per le prossime sfide HE/HI: SCALTECH28: study of basic analog blocks in 28 nm technology node: – Look forward beyond CHIPIX65 (rad hardness  1 Grad) – Challenge: scaled technology devices have reduced analog characteristics: Smaller V DD – V TH “room” Lower DC-gain Gate leakage current  parallel noise 12/18/2015V. Bonvicini - IFD Torino27 “Convenzionali”

Panorama attuale in CSN5 - 4 REDSOX: Development of large area SDDs and low noise front-end electronics for X-ray spectroscopy and imaging – LOFT X-ray space mission – Applications at Advanced Light Sources PIXFEL : Enabling technologies, building blocks and architectures for advanced X-ray pixel cameras at FELs – active edge pixel sensors, low density TSVs – 65 nm CMOS technology for front-end and readout electronics – in pixel data storage and readout architectures 12/18/2015V. Bonvicini - IFD Torino28 “Convenzionali”

Panorama attuale in CSN5 - 5 R&D su sensori al graphene: – GBTD (2013), collaborazione con TIFPA/FBK – GARFIELD (2014, Grant per giovani) 12/18/2015V. Bonvicini - IFD Torino29 “Esotici”

Panorama attuale in CSN5 - 6 CLASSIC (Grant per giovani 2015): SiC-based Cherenkov light detectors with intrinsic amplification – SiC characteristics E g  3E g,Si (visible-blind, low leakage current) µ  3µ Si (suited for applications requiring fast response) Suitable for harsh environments – Applications Dual-readout hadronic calorimeters TOF-PET with Cherenkov light sensitivity (few ps resolution) 12/18/2015V. Bonvicini - IFD Torino30 “Esotici”

Uno sguardo al futuro - 1 Nuova fisica  Nuovi strumenti – Settori di nuova fisica: Dark Matter (WIMPs e Axion-like) Neutrini Dark Energy CMB New technologies require collaborations – Some technologies are in our hands, other are not With industries, other Research Institutes – Even for “our” technologies, cross-collaboration and knowledge amongst the community is crucial (this workshop!) Young people…!! 12/18/2015V. Bonvicini - IFD Torino31

Uno sguardo al futuro - 2 Possibili R&D di interesse per nuova fisica – Rivelatori a bassa soglia (eV) (fisica di riferimento: Assioni, Neutrini, Materia Oscura) Quantum counters Maser Amplifiers (lavorano al limite quantistico  sensibili a energie di frazioni di meV) – Amplificatori parametrici nelle microonde (fisica di riferimento: Assioni, CMB, amplificatori alternativi a HEMT) Basati su giunzioni Josephson Nuove tecnologie litografiche  regione delle decine di GHz Uso di varicaps  frequency tunability 12/18/2015V. Bonvicini - IFD Torino32 Contributo di G. Carugno

Uno sguardo al futuro - 3 Possibili R&D di interesse per nuova fisica – Laser di alta potenza e alti campi magnetici (fisica di riferimento: Interazioni deboli con decadimento beta inverso e diretto e proprieta’ neutrino) Laser con  W/cm 2  campi e.m. nel beam waist  campo coulombiano Interazioni atomi-laser – Frequency comb (fisica di riferimento: Dark Energy, Orologi Nucleari su transizioni X) Per DE necessaria una sensibilita’  cm/s  yr 12/18/2015V. Bonvicini - IFD Torino33 Contributo di G. Carugno

Uno sguardo al futuro - 3 Carbon/Metal nanotubes – Coupled to “conventional” Si-detectors for efficient light detection (up to soft X-rays?) – CNT transistors/detectors – CNT THz detectors 12/18/2015V. Bonvicini - IFD Torino34 H. Xiaowei et. al, Nano Lett., 2014, 14 (7), pp 3953–3958 M. Shulaker et al., IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM), December 15 – 17, San Francisco, 2014

Uno sguardo al futuro - 4 Detectors for rare events experiments – R&D on highly radio-pure scintillating materials, new scintillators containing interesting isotopes – Development of new and highly sensitive cryogenic particle detectors (TES, MKIDs, magnetic,…) Organic-based photodetectors Organic-based charged particle detectors New (and still dream-like) 2-D materials (but progress is being impressing…) – Silicene – Germanene – Phosphorene – … 12/18/2015V. Bonvicini - IFD Torino35