CHIMERA @ LNS Review LNS S.Pirrone INFN-Sezione di Catania Catania 1 July 2015 CHIMERA @ LNS S.Pirrone INFN-Sezione di Catania (co - Resp Nazionale NEWCHIM Experiment)

Since 2000 - CHIMERA@LNS Among these I like to show CHIMERA that is from the last generation of 4detector and that gave a large contribution to this physics of HI at int. Energy by using the beams delivered by th SC at LNS

Spostamento rivelatore 2008

CHIMERA@LNS

CHIMERA Charge Heavy Ion Mass and Energy Resolving Array Granularity 1192 telescopes Si (300m) +CsI(Tl) Geometry RINGS: 688 telescopes 100-350 cm SPHERE: 504 telescopes 40 cm Angular range RINGS: 1°<  < 30° SPHERE: 30°<  < 176° 94% of 4 Identification method E-E E-TOF PSD in CsI(Tl) PSD in Si (upgrade 2008) Experimental observables and performances TOF dt  1 ns dE/E LCP (Light Charge Particles)  2% dE/E HI (Heavy Ions)  1% Energy, Velocity, A, Z, angular distributions Detection threshold  1 MeV/A for H.I.  2 MeV/A for LCP 30° T 1° TOF & Isotopic identification CHIMERA is a 4pi detector that works in this laboratory for about 10 years and most of you know very well its capability. The identification methods are principally ….. In particular I want to stress this new method that allow to us to identify in charge also the particles that are stopped in silicon and making it able to work also at low energy. Actually this will be the first time that chimera works at this low energy.We are confident in the capability of chimera for this experiment basing on simulation and on the results already olbtained with previous experiment. Dynamical range : from fusion, fusion-fission to multifragmentation reaction (TANDEM & CYCLOTRON Beams) 5

EOS, Symmetry Energy, Isospin influence on reaction mechanism Physics Case: EOS, Symmetry Energy, Isospin influence on reaction mechanism Study of the systems 124Sn+64Ni, 112Sn+58Ni and 58,64Ni+124,112Sn @35 A.MeV . Neck emission, Time scale for fragment formation, fragment hierarchy, Dynamical fission (Chimera coll) LNS Isospin dependence in the competition between incomplete fusion and dissipative binary reactions in 40Ca,48Ca + 40,48Ca, 46Ti @25 AMeV (Chimera coll.) LNS Study of isospin diffusion in the reactions 124Sn+124Sn, 124Sn+112Sn, 112Sn+124Sn, 112Sn+112Sn @35 MeV. (MSU-Chimera coll.). LNS Fast collinear partitioning of the 197Au + 197Au @15 A.MeV, system into three and four fragments of comparable size (Chimera coll.) LNS Exploring the isospin dependence on decay from compound nucleus in the reactions 78,86Kr + 40,48Ca @10 A.MeV (Chimera-Indra coll.) LNS Constraining the Symmetry Energy at Supra-Saturation Densities With Measurements of Neutron and Proton Elliptic Flow, Au+Au, 96Zr+96Zr and 96Ru+96Ru @400 A.MeV (AsyEos-Chimera coll.) GSI For reviev see: E.De Filippo and A.Pagano EPJ A50, 32, 2014, A.Pagano, Nucl. Phys. New Int. Vol. 22, 1, (2012) Con questo rivelatore abbiamo realizzato un gran numero di esperimenti la maggioranza dei quali nell’ambito di coll. Internazionali, e mirati allo studio dell’influenza dell’isospin e dell’Esym. Di seguto analizzerò alcuni di questi esp, che hanno utilizzato energie diverse e osservabili diverse, portando a risultati abbastanza coerenti/consistenti. Bassa energia @LNS ma anche alta a @GSI non oggetto di questo contributo

Ternary and semiperipheral events selection TIMESCALE EXPERIMENT Ternary and semiperipheral events selection 124,112Sn + 58,64Ni @ 35 AMeV TLF IMF PLF ZP 3Mc6 *bred>0.6 ZT IMF , Z  3 NECK TLF p n PLF Partiamo dalla selezione di eventi ternari e riportiamo la carica dei tre frammenti più pesanti dell’evento in funzione della velocità. Questo lavoro poi lo facciamo per diversi valori della centralità ovvero del parametro d’urto, sel. Secondo il metodo di Cavata attrverso la molteplicità. VP Neck formation E.De Filippo et al. PRC71,44602 (2005) 7 7

E(ρ,) = E(ρ,=0) + Esym(ρ)² EOS & Symmetry energy E(ρ,) = E(ρ,=0) + Esym(ρ)² ρ  ρnρp Esym() ≈ (/) AsyStiff γ < 1 Asysoft, γ ≥ 1 Asystiff LNS ρ<ρ0 GSI ρ>ρ0 Many of the recent results concerning the study of the influence of the isospin on fundamental nuclear functions and parameters, as the eos, and the symmetry energy a δ is the isospin asymmetry in term of neutrons and protons density This is a very important item because strictly connected to….. Soft to stiff Esym contains information on the nucleon-nucleon interaction and has many links with astrophysical problematics La parte E(ro,delta) è l’energia per nucleone per la matera symmetrica mentre la esym è la parte che si parametrizza e dipende dalle ipotesi fatte . Delta è il parametro di asimmetria Per basso ro abbiamo molti dati e tutto sta convergendo verso una stiff con valori abbastanza determinati ad alta energia servono rib per discriminare , pochissimo lavoro fatto E/A???????chiedere a Maria AsySoft E.De Filippo et al, PRC86 014610 2012 P.Russotto et al, to be published 2015 ρ0 = 0.16 fm-3

Dyn/Stat Fission components for 124Sn+64Ni and 112Sn+58Ni a 35 MeV/A Isospin influence on reaction mechanism Dyn/Stat Fission components for 124Sn+64Ni and 112Sn+58Ni a 35 MeV/A Probability ratio of dynamical and statistical fission components Size or Isospin effects? 124Xe+64Zn @ 35 AMeV -same mass of the n-rich 124Sn+64Ni system, -N/Z near to the n-poor 112Sn+58Ni system Equilibrated fission does not depends on N/Z Dynamical fission is about twice more probable for the neutron-rich system as compared with the neutron-poor one System N/Z Projectile N/Z target N/Z compound 124Sn+64Ni 1.48 1.29 1.41 112Sn+58Ni 1.24 1.07 1.18 P. Russotto et al. , PRC 91,014610 (2015)

Normalized Yields Comparison 10.5° ≤ ϑ ≤ 15.5° Isospin influence on reaction mechanism IMF STAGGERING n-rich and n-poor systems Normalized Yields Comparison 10.5° ≤ ϑ ≤ 15.5° In agreement : I. Lombardo et al., PRC 84 ,(2011), 024613 , G. Casini et al., PRC 86, (2012), 011602 Staggering presente in entrambe i sistemi e meno evidente per n-rich influenza dell’Isospin (N/Z) influenza della forza di pairing sull’energia di legame e nelle ultime fasi della reazione (sistema freddo no decadimento secondario) influenza di effetti di struttura (M. D’Agostino et al., NPA 861 (2011) 47 ) connessione con il termine di Esym (modelli) S. Pirrone et al., Journal of Physics: Conference Series 515 (2014) 012018

The project is going to be realized with 20 telescopes FARCOS project (R&D 2013-14) Femptoscope ARray for COrrelation and Spectroscopy High energy and angular resolution (Δϑ<1°) Low thresholds ( <1 MeV/A): Pulse-shape on first Si layer for low energy experiments High counting rate (1KHz) Large Dynamic range (20MeV to 2GeV) Flexibility, Modularity, Trasportability Coupling to 4 detectors or spectrometers Integrated Electronics (GET) The project is going to be realized with 20 telescopes Supported by INFN- CNS3 NEWCHIM exp 2015-2019 1M€ in 5 years At 20 cm they can cover about ± 20°

Fragmentation Beams @LNS Chimera group, since 2005, works to test the production of new beams and to realize new experiments @LNS with radioactive beams at intermediate energy.

Inverse kinematic In this laboratory exotic nuclei In-Flight beams@LNS Stable Nuclei A ~ 10 - 100 E ~ 20 - 60 MeV/A Primary Beam by CS@LNS Primary Beam This allows to use a a magnetic field, to separate the different isotopes, that will in follow different trajectories. Inverse kinematic In this laboratory exotic nuclei Characteristics of the fragmentation reactions is that fragments are emitted in forward direction with velocity similar to that of the projectile especially if a light target is used Radiactive &/OR stable nuclei vP Thin target 9Be 500µm- 2500µm vF ~ vP RIB @ Intermediate Energy

In-flight fragmentation beams @ LNS Linee sperimentali 20° e CHIMERA- this is the system of dipole and quadrupole that SIMULATED the fragnent separator CHIMERA Tagging Hodoscope

CHIMERA beam line – tagging system MCP DSSSD TOF Target

In-flight fragmentation beams @ LNS Production Tests at the CHIMERA beam line 18O + 9Be (1.5 mm) at 55 MeV/A 10Be 16C 13B 12Be 9Li 6He 17C 7Li T (ns) DE (MeV) Primary beam 88W, 5.5x1011 p/s Khz 16C 40 17C 4 13B 23 11Be 6 Setting Bρ=2.71 Tm 10Be 21 8Li 11 E of secondary beam 40-50 MeV/A Looking at this kindof plot we can adjust the setting of the magnetic parameters to optimize the rate on the beam that we want to use for the experiment

Energy secondary beams 20-25 MeV/A 36Ar + 9Be (0.5 mm) 42 MeV/A, Time ΔE 37K 34Ar 31S 27Si 31Si 35S 38Ar N=Z primary beam 25W - 1x1011 p/s Khz 37K 14.0 36Ar 12.0 35Ar 8.5 34Ar 1.8 magnetic setting 33Cl 1.5 34Cl 6.5 31S 0.8 32S 10.0 28Si 5.0 29Si 6.5 Stesso tempo N=Z Energy secondary beams 20-25 MeV/A

Search for iso-scalar excitation of the PIGMY resonance in 68Ni nuclei 70Zn + 9Be (0.25 mm) 40 MeV/A, primary beam 100W 68Ni Rate 20kHz Energy 28 MeV/A Search for iso-scalar excitation of the PIGMY resonance in 68Ni nuclei G.Cardella, E.G.Lanza for the EXOCHIM coll.

LNS FRIBS UPGRADING The CHIMERA group strongly support Increasing the primary beam intensity of the CS will produce an equivalent increase of the exotic nuclei intensity produced by in flight fragmentation in FRIBS Time ΔE 37K 34Ar 31S 27Si 31Si 35S 38Ar N=Z The CHIMERA group strongly support the “high intensity beam” project of this Laboratory by S.P. LNS Users Meeting 2014 Some examples are: 68Ni 30 MeV/A 2·106 p./s 34Ar 30 MeV/A 1·105 p./s 11Be50 MeV/A 2·106 p./s 12Be 50 MeV/A 1·105 p./s 14Be 50 MeV/A 5·103 p./s 11Li 50 MeV/A 1·105 p./s 8He 50 MeV/A 2·105 p./s 34Ar We coud have fragmentation beams with very good intensities getting a UNIQUE facility in EUROPE to deliver EXOTIC beams at intermediate energies (SPES, E/A<12 AMeV- SPIRAL2 E/A <10 AMeV – ISOLDE E/A< 10AMeV- FAIR E/A>150 AMeV………..)

INFN-CNS3 REVERSE 1998-2002 (Resp.Naz. A.Pagano) Dal 2000 ad oggi molti esperimenti sono stati realizzati nell’ambito di coll int INFN-CNS3 REVERSE 1998-2002 (Resp.Naz. A.Pagano) ISOSPIN 2003-2007 (Resp.Naz. A.Pagano) EXOCHIM 2008-2014 (Resp. Naz. G.Cardella& E.De Filippo) NEWCHIM 2015-2019 (Resp. Naz. G.Cardella& S.Pirrone) PER TUTTI GLI ESPERIMENTI REALIZZATI ED IN REALIZZAZIONE: Controllo obiettivi scientifici- utilizzo risorse economiche – attività di gestione Iter CNS3 (proposta-approvazione -referaggi-…) -iter PAC dei Laboratori (GANIL- LNS-GSI…) -ottimizzazione delle risorse (realizzazione di obiettivi in itinere…)

COLLABORAZIONI   Dip.fisica e astronomia Univ.Catania & Centro Sicilano Fis Nucl e Struttura della Materia  Italia INFN & Univ. Messina   Dipartimento di Fsica Univ. Federico II Napoli   DIpartimento di fisica Univ. Milano & Politecnico Milano   Università Kore Enna INFN &LABEC Firenze Italia INFN-Bologna   INFN-LNL  Polonia   M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagellonian University, Cracow,   A. Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies &  Heavy-Ion Laboratory, Warsaw, Poland Inst. of Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice   Institute for Experimental Physics,Warsaw University, Warsaw, Poland   Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania  Romania   Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Rochester  USA   Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India  India   GANIL, CEA, IN2P3-CNRS, Caen, Orsay ,Lion,Saclay FranceS  Francia   Department of Physics, The University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece  Grecia   GSI Darmstadt, Germany  Germania   Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia  Croazia   NSCL - Department of Physics and Astronomy, MSU, East Lansing, Michigan

39 Ricercatori/Tecnologi ~28 FTE Servizi AT-EL-CALC & Amm EXOCHIM CNS3 2008-2014 39 Ricercatori/Tecnologi ~28 FTE Servizi AT-EL-CALC & Amm Resp.Nazionale G.Cardella & E.De Filippo, INFN di Catania Resp.Locale Politi/Verde/P.Russotto INFN & Univ di Catania Resp. Locale F.Rizzo INFN- LNS Resp. Locale A.Trifirò INFN -Gruppo coll. Messina Resp. Locale E.Rosato/M.Vigilante INFN &Univ of Napoli Resp. Locale C.Guazzoni INFN & Univ. of Milano CHIMERA moved from Ciclope to its scattering chamber (2007-2008) Upgrading Pulse shape on Si ( 2009 ) Stable beams exp @LNS : TIMESCALE,EQUILIBRATION,CORRELATION2008 LIMITING2 2009 BREAKUP - ISODEC 2010 CHIMERA@GSI (spring 2010-summer 2011) Fragmentation Beam exp @LNS : UNSTABLE 2009, 2011 Timescale ZN Ni68, 2012 Proposta – realizzazione prototipo FARCOS e misure in accoppiamento CHIMERA - FARCOS : Inkiissy 2013 test Farcos-GET 2014 AGGIUNGERE 2014

39 Ricercatori/Tecnologi ~28 FTE Servizi AT-EL-CALC & Amm EXOCHIM CNS3 2008-2014 39 Ricercatori/Tecnologi ~28 FTE Servizi AT-EL-CALC & Amm Resp.Nazionale G.Cardella & E.De Filippo, INFN di Catania Resp.Locale Politi/Verde/P.Russotto INFN & Univ di Catania Resp. Locale F.Rizzo INFN- LNS Resp. Locale A.Trifirò INFN -Gruppo coll. Messina Resp. Locale E.Rosato/M.Vigilante INFN &Univ of Napoli Resp. Locale C.Guazzoni INFN & Univ. of Milano RIC FTE (R) TECN FTE (T) Sezione di Catania 15 11.6 LNS 6 4 Gr.Coll Messina 6 5.9 Sezione di Milano 2 1.2 3 3 Sezione di Napoli 6 2.5 1 0.3 Tot 35 25.2 4 3.3 AGGIUNGERE 2014

EXOCHIM- ASSEGNAZIONI CNS3 (in K€) Miss. Cons. Inv. App. Altro Totale 2008 75,5 120 60 112 367,5 2009 103,5 78 127,5 38 3,5 350,5 2010 162,5 129,5 73 79 10,5 454,5 2011 156 93 71 80 12 412.0 2012 122,5 88,5 40 68 21,5 340,5 2013 115,5 100 87 30,5 15 348.0 2014 103 95 69 80,5 9 356,5 2629,5 CONSUNTIVI DI SPESA 95-100%

EXOCHIM- ASSEGNAZIONI CNS3 2014

percentuale media soddisfacimento MILESTONES - CNS3 numero percentuale media soddisfacimento 2008 8 90% 2009 6 95% 2010 2011 5 92% 2012 2013 2014 84% La percentuale non soddisfatta è connessa a “normali” avvenimenti dell’attività sperimentale: ritardo misura (per fasci o apparato), ritardo pubblicazione…

EXOCHIM CNS3 2008-2014 Pub talk tesi 2008 11 19 1 2009 10 26 1 2010 16 19 2 2011 14 34 4 2012 13 29 6 24 45 6 20 40 5 tot 108 212 25 AGGIUNGERE 2014

NEWCHIM CNS3 2015-2019 34 Ricercatori/Tecnologi ~26 FTE Servizi AT-EL-CALC & Amm Resp.Nazionale G.Cardella & S.Pirrone, INFN Sezione di Catania Resp. Locale P.Russotto INFN Sezione di Catania Resp. Locale F.Rizzo Univ. di Catania & INFN-LNS Resp. Locale A.Trifirò, INFN -Gruppo coll. &Univ. Messina Resp. Locale I.Lombardo INFN&Univ. of Napoli Resp. Locale C.Guazzoni INFN& University of Milano Sperimentazione con fasci stabili LNS Sperimentazione con fasci esotici LNS : Fasci esotici di energia intermedia per frammentazione in volo LNS Struttura nucleare (coincidenze cinematiche) –studio di risonanze – Strutture a cluster Sperimentazione con fasci esotici SPES – LNL (LOI aprovata 2014) Sperimentazione GSI Realizzazione di FARCOS (correlatore per particelle cariche) Accoppiamento CHIMERA/FARCOS Upgrade CHIMERA (digitalizzazione - studio riv γ – nuova elettronica per CsI)

(in K€) Miss. Cons. Inv. App. Altro Totale NEWCHIM- ASSEGNAZIONI CNS3 (in K€) Miss. Cons. Inv. App. Altro Totale 2015 91 103.5 30 194.5 3.5 422.5 Dal sito CNS3 –Piano Pluriennale Richieste Anno missioni consumo trasporti manutenzione inventario licenze-SW apparati Totale 2015 141.50 137.50 2.00 9.00 46.50 232.50 571.00 2016 150.00 5.00 10.00 50.00 180.00 550.00 2017 230.00 130.00 565.00 2018 120.00 555.00 2019 80.00 30.00 415.00 Totali 981.50 617.50 37.00 49.00 226.50 22.00 722.50 2,656.0

Controllo “Economico e Gestionale” operato per tutti gli esperimenti che abbiamo realizzato e che sono in corso: Iter CNS3 (proposta- approvazione - referaggi- consuntivi) tramite Responsabili- Referee- Coordinatori iter PAC dei Laboratori (GANIL - LNS - GSI…) tramite Responsabili – Spokeperson – PAC ottimizzazione delle risorse (realizzazione di obiettivi in itinere…)

ΔE-E Si-Csi Charge Identification ΔE-E Isotopic identification High-gain PSD – Si Charge identification HI p d t 3He a Li Be PSD – CsI Light charged particles ΔE-ToF Mass-Velocity measurement Si CsI(Tl) Low- gain Z=50 Z=6 Z=10 Z=16 α

GET: General Electronics for TPC Especially designed for TPC (gas detectors) to be used with radioactive beams at E/A=5-350 MeV Integrated and low power consuming Wide dynamic range (LCP&HI) Configurable Digitalization of signals Might work on photodiodes readout of CsI(Tl) crystals in Chimera and Farcos INFN - Italy , GANIL, CEA-IN2P3, CNRS, IRFU France, Univ. Huelva-Spain

Symmetry energy and correlation functions IBUU simulations 52Ca+48Ca E/A=80 MeV Central collisions Correlation functions neutron-neutron proton-proton 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 1 2 3 4 5 7 q (MeV/c) 1+R(q) proton-neutron Lie-Wen Chen et al., PRL (2003), PRC(2005) Stiff Soft Proton-proton correlation sensitive to Esym nn and np also… but difficult… (later projects)  …meanwhile use: t-3He, t-t and 3He-3He By G.Verde