Pieni poteri Article 7 of Vienna Convention 1. A person is considered as representing a State for the purpose of adopting or authenticating the text of a treaty or for the purpose of expressing the consent of the State to be bound by a treaty if: (a) he produces appropriate full powers; or (b) it appears from the practice of the States concerned or from other circumstances that their intention was to consider that person as representing the State for such purposes and to dispense with full powers.

Pieni poteri 2. In virtue of their functions and without having to produce full powers, the following are considered as representing their State: (a) Heads of State, Heads of Government and Ministers for Foreign Affairs…; (b) heads of diplomatic missions, for the purpose of adopting the text of a treaty between the accrediting State and the State to which they are accredited; (c) representatives accredited by States to an international conference or to an international organization or one of its organs, for the purpose of adopting the text of a treaty in that conference, organization or organ.

Firma Article 10 of Vienna Convention The text of a treaty is established as authentic and definitive: (a) by such procedures as may be provided for in the text or agreed upon by the States participating in its drawing up; or (b) failing such procedure, by the signature, signature ad referendum or initialling by the representatives of those States of the text of the treaty or of the Final Act of a conference incorporating the text.

Manifestazione del consenso Article 11 of Vienna Convention Means of expressing consent to be bound by a treaty The consent of a State to be bound by a treaty may be expressed by signature, exchange of instruments constituting a treaty, ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, or by any other means if so agreed.

Ratifica dei trattati internazionali - Italia Art. 87 Costituzione “Il Presidente della Repubblica…ratifica i trattati internazionali, previa, quando occorra, l'autorizzazione delle Camere”.

Ratifica dei trattati internazionali - Italia Art. 89 Costituzione Nessun atto del Presidente della Repubblica è valido se non è controfirmato dai ministri proponenti, che ne assumono la responsabilità.

Ratifica dei trattati internazionali - Italia Art. 80 Costituzione Le Camere autorizzano con legge la ratifica dei trattati internazionali che sono di natura politica, o prevedono arbitrati o regolamenti giudiziari, o importano variazioni del territorio od oneri alle finanze o modificazioni di leggi.

Ratifica dei trattati internazionali - Italia Art. 72, 4° comma, Costituzione La procedura normale di esame e di approvazione diretta da parte della Camera è sempre adottata per i disegni di legge in materia…di autorizzazione a ratificare trattati internazionali... Art. 75, 2° comma, Costituzione Non è ammesso il referendum per le leggi …di autorizzazione a ratificare trattati internazionali.

Ratifica dei trattati internazionali – Regno Unito Ponsonby Rule: “It is the intention of His Majesty's Government to lay on the table of both Houses of Parliament every treaty, when signed, for a period of 21 days, after which the treaty will be ratified and published and circulated in the Treaty Series…. The absence of disapproval may be accepted as sanction”.

Ratifica dei trattati internazionali: Regno Unito Constitutional Reform and Governance Act 2010 – Section 20 (1)…a treaty is not to be ratified unless— (a)a Minister of the Crown has laid before Parliament a copy of the treaty, (b)the treaty has been published in a way that a Minister of the Crown thinks appropriate, and (c)period A has expired without either House having resolved, within period A, that the treaty should not be ratified. (2)Period A is the period of 21 sitting days beginning with the first sitting day after the date on which the requirement in subsection (1)(a) is met.

Ratifica dei trattati internazionali - USA Article II – Section 2 of the Constitution of the United States of America “(The President) shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur…”