Sandro Bologna - ENEA XVIII Settimana della Cultura Scientifica Casaccia 5 marzo 2008 Tecnologie informatiche per la gestione di infrastrutture complesse E NTE PER LE N UOVE TECNOLOGIE L’ E NERGIA E L’ A MBIENTE

Water Banking and Finance Transportation InternetCoreInternetCore Telecommunications GovernmentServices EmergencyServices Electric Il Mondo Reale è una Rete di Reti 2 Oil and Gas

–Energia (rete di olio e gas, rete elettrica, …) –Informazione & Comunicazione (reti informatiche e di telecomunicazione –Trasporto (reti stradali, aeree, navali, ferroviarie,….) –Servizi (reti idriche, sanitarie,..) Esempi di Grandi Reti Tecnologiche

Financial Services Mutato contesto socio-economico Public Utilities Health Care Telecommunication Infrastrutture verticalmente integrate. Sistemi praticamente autonomi con limitati punti di contatto con le altre infrastrutture Infrastrutture fortemente integrate ed interdipendenti che si basano su un ambiente condiviso

The UCTE System: 2100 Twh delivered to 400 ML people Rete UCTE di Trasmissine Elettrica Europea

Black out italiano 2003

Albero degli Eventi del Black-out Italiano 2003 (Rapporto UCTE) ITALY BLACK- OUT minutes 1-2 minutes Pre-incident network in n-1 secure state Island operations fails due to unit tripping

Definizione UCTE delle Regioni interessate dal Black-out del 4 Novembre 2006

Albero degli Eventi del Black-out US-CANADA 2003

Crisi del Gas inverno 2006 Una visione d’insieme della Rete Europea

Black-out Telecom gennaio 2004

Generica Infrastruttura Informatizzata Strato Fisico Modello a strati di una Infrastruttura Critica altamente Informatizzata Intra-dipendenze Strato Informativo Inter-dipendenze Rete trasporto Olio/Gas Rete telecomunicazione pubblica Rete elettrica Strato Organizzativo

The Italian high-voltage transmission line (380 kv) with 127 nodes and 342 edges (V. Rosato et al, 2004)

The italian 380kV power grid with the most vulnerable edge (in black), the most Vulnerable triple of edges (double-lined) and the edge that, if added to the network Improves the performance of the system best (dashed blue line). (V. Latora et al, 2004)

Current electrical network from source-to-sink Generation Transport Distribution Loads The primary aim of an electricity supply system is to meet the customer’s demands for energy (in sufficient quantity and quality, at the required time and at an acceptable price)

Current Structure of the Electrical System in Europe Transmission National / International Subtransmission Regional Low Voltage Distribution System

National Control Center TCI RTU Optical Fibre Current Electrical Network Management Regional Control Center

Change of energy market environment, e.g. globalization, competition Business process optimization, e.g. new communication channels, Web Pressure on prices and cost together with the trend to more automation Increased value of information, especially with regard to real-time information Stronger customer focus Technology innovation 1st revolution: Open Energy Market Generation company Transmission company Subsidiary Trader Distribution company Business processes Communication kWh Power exchange Local generation Service provider

Distribution Systems Clients Transmission System Generators Qualified Clients IPP Trading Companies Market Operator System Operator Private Communications Network Public Communications Network Growing Interdependencies between Electrical and Telecommunication Systems in the Open Energy Market Operational Planning Real time Control Energy Management

2nd revolution: Distributed Generation The increasing diffusion of Distributed Generation (DG) makes the distribution networks to evolve:  from a mainly passive structure,  toward an active model, very similar to the current transmission networks

Schematizzazione dell’evoluzione del Sistema Elettrico

Integrated infrastructures for active network operation Meter storage Demand response Gx Gy Communicati on control local area 3 G2 G3 storage Demand response Meter Communicatio n control local area 2 DSO 1 Communication network G1 storage Demand response Meter Communicati on control local area 1 Bulk gen. TSO DGop n DGop 2 DGop 1 DSO n DSO 2 Information Communication control Power flow Microgrid Power grid

TESTBED ENEA DI PROVA DELLA TECNOLOGIA SAFEGUARD

PIATTAFORMA ENEA DI PROVA DELLA TECNOLOGIA SAFEGUARD

Load LevelerLSF Graphic User Interface LSF multi-cluster as integrator Telnet User programs & commercial code ICA WEB Cluster 5° ( Portici) & File System Load LevelerLSF Graphic User Interface Telnet ICA WEB Cluster 6° ( Brindisi) AFS Geographical cross platform& File System Load LevelerLSF Graphic User Interface LSF multi-cluster as integrator Telnet User programs & commercial code ICA WEB Cluster 2° (Casaccia) AFS Geographical cross platform& File System Load LevelerLSF Graphic User Interface LSF multi-cluster as integrator Telnet User programs & commercial code ICA WEB Cluster 4° (Trisaia ) AFS Geographical cross platform& File System Load LevelerLSF Graphic User Interface LSF multi-cluster as integrator Telnet User programs & commercial code ICA WEB Cluster 3° (Frascati) AFS Geographical cross platform& File System Load LevelerLSF Graphic User Interface LSF multi-cluster as integrator Telnet User programs & commercial code ICA WEB Cluster 1° ( Bologna) Piattaforma ENEA per la realizzazione di un Centro Nazionale di Analisi e Simulazione delle Reti e delle loro Interdipendenze

GRID layer CRESCO middleware Simulatore Rete Elettrica Modello Società ad Agenti Modello Entità Risorse Simulatore Rete Telecom. Prototipo ENEA di un Centro Nazionale di Analisi e Simulazione delle Reti e delle loro Interdipendenze –

Il Medioevo Prossimo Venturo Autore: Roberto Vaccca Editore: Arnaldo Mondadori Anno di pubblicazione: 1971 Nuova edizione on line con Note Retrospettive a ogni capitolo che illustrano come la situazione sia cambiata negli ultimi 30 anni Lettura consigliata