A. Oppio, S. Mattia, A. Pandolfi, M. Ghellere ERES Conference 2010 Università Commerciale Luigi Bocconi Milan, june 2010 A Multidimensional and Participatory Approach for Green Buildings Assessment

FACOLTA ARCHITETTURA E SOCIETA DIPARTIMENTO BEST Building Environment Science & Technology Convegno SIEV Sistemi di valutazione per le nuove pianificazioni Venezia 22 Novembre 2008 A. Oppio M. Ghellere A. Pandolfi Un approccio multidimensionale e partecipato alla valutazione del progetto : il modello SBTool Multidimensional valuation and decision making processes The development of complex decision making processes has encouraged the involvement of different stakeholders in the evaluation procedures and tools Multi-criteria evaluations are increasingly being used in deliberative evaluation processes, addressing research experiences and applications towards this new challenge: to give broader and stronger meaning and consistency to the outcomes of decision making processes The need for evaluation tools aiding complex decisions comes from the consciousness about uncertainty that requires to focus more on the process than on the outcomes Introduction Introduction The SBTool Model Critical Review of SBTool Addressing SBTool to MCDA Conclusions A Multidimensional and Participatory Approach for Green Buildings Assessment A.Oppio S.Mattia A.Panfolfi M.Ghellere

FACOLTA ARCHITETTURA E SOCIETA DIPARTIMENTO BEST Building Environment Science & Technology Convegno SIEV Sistemi di valutazione per le nuove pianificazioni Venezia 22 Novembre 2008 A. Oppio M. Ghellere A. Pandolfi Un approccio multidimensionale e partecipato alla valutazione del progetto : il modello SBTool Contents Green Building Challenge (Gbc) sustainability valuation models –evolution –strenghts and weaknesses Theoretical principles of Multicriteria Decision Aid Analysis (Mcda) Review of SBTool Model –Valuation process –Analytical Framework –Choice of criteria –Weights assignment to the criteria Valuation as tool for supporting decision making processes Introduction Introduction The SBTool Model Critical Review of SBTool Addressing SBTool to MCDA Conclusions A Multidimensional and Participatory Approach for Green Buildings Assessment A.Oppio S.Mattia A.Panfolfi M.Ghellere

FACOLTA ARCHITETTURA E SOCIETA DIPARTIMENTO BEST Building Environment Science & Technology Convegno SIEV Sistemi di valutazione per le nuove pianificazioni Venezia 22 Novembre 2008 A. Oppio M. Ghellere A. Pandolfi Un approccio multidimensionale e partecipato alla valutazione del progetto : il modello SBTool Theorethical principles of Mcda Assumptions : Increasing decisional complexity Increasing of conflicts in deliberation processes Tool for decision making processes : Organizing available information Considering effects of actions Exploring stakeholders expectations Minimizing likelihood of disappointment Common features of methods and techniques : Different options and valuation criteria Involvement of several stakeholder Considering uncertainty Introduction Introduction The SBTool Model Critical Review of SBTool Addressing SBTool to MCDA Conclusions A Multidimensional and Participatory Approach for Green Buildings Assessment A.Oppio S.Mattia A.Panfolfi M.Ghellere

FACOLTA ARCHITETTURA E SOCIETA DIPARTIMENTO BEST Building Environment Science & Technology Convegno SIEV Sistemi di valutazione per le nuove pianificazioni Venezia 22 Novembre 2008 A. Oppio M. Ghellere A. Pandolfi Un approccio multidimensionale e partecipato alla valutazione del progetto : il modello SBTool The SBTool Model: general features 6 excel file connected 3 levels of valuation Issues (1. Site selection, Project Planning & Devel., 2. Energy & Resources consumption, 3. Environmental Loadings, 4. Indoor Environmental Quality, 5. Quality of Service, 6. Social and economic aspects, 7. Cultural and Perceptual aspects) Categories Criteri a Range of score from -1 to 5: -1 extremely negative performance 0 lowest acceptable performance level 3 good construction practice 5 best practice Involvement of different stakeholders in the decision making process Design team Evaluator Third subject The SBTool Model Introduction The SBTool Model Critical Review of SBTool Addressing SBTool to MCDA Conclusions A Multidimensional and Participatory Approach for Green Buildings Assessment A.Oppio S.Mattia A.Panfolfi M.Ghellere

FACOLTA ARCHITETTURA E SOCIETA DIPARTIMENTO BEST Building Environment Science & Technology Convegno SIEV Sistemi di valutazione per le nuove pianificazioni Venezia 22 Novembre 2008 A. Oppio M. Ghellere A. Pandolfi Un approccio multidimensionale e partecipato alla valutazione del progetto : il modello SBTool The SBTool Model: selection and weights assignment to the criteria The selection and the weights assignment is committed to a third subject (indipendent) in order to give transparency to the evaluation process Weights assignment is carried out in 2 different ways: ISSUES, CATEGORIES : weights go from 1, that represents a low importance, to 5, except for issues and categories considered Mandatory. In these cases must be assigned weights higher than 3. The default weighting system gives more importance to the environmental issues (Energy and Resources consumption, Environmental Loadings and Indoor Environmental Quality) CRITERIA : a score from 1 to 3 is assigned to each criterion, referring to the extent (global or regional; urban or neighborhood; building or site), the intensity (strong or direct; moderate or indirect; weak) and the duration (>50 years; >10 years; <10 years ) of potential effects on the environment. The SBTool Model Introduction The SBTool Model Critical Review of SBTool Addressing SBTool to MCDA Conclusions A Multidimensional and Participatory Approach for Green Buildings Assessment A.Oppio S.Mattia A.Panfolfi M.Ghellere

FACOLTA ARCHITETTURA E SOCIETA DIPARTIMENTO BEST Building Environment Science & Technology Convegno SIEV Sistemi di valutazione per le nuove pianificazioni Venezia 22 Novembre 2008 A. Oppio M. Ghellere A. Pandolfi Un approccio multidimensionale e partecipato alla valutazione del progetto : il modello SBTool Critical review of the valuation process Critical Review of SBTool STRENGHTSWEAKNESSES Transparency Valuation is time-consuming Involvement of different subjects There arent social and economical indicators about the context Data are easy to plug in The role of Stakeholders in the valuation process is not active Flexible useData about environmental loadings are difficult to find Its possible to fit the valuation model to different contexts Introduction The SBTool Model Critical Review of SBTool Addressing SBTool to MCDA Conclusions A Multidimensional and Participatory Approach for Green Buildings Assessment A.Oppio S.Mattia A.Panfolfi M.Ghellere

FACOLTA ARCHITETTURA E SOCIETA DIPARTIMENTO BEST Building Environment Science & Technology Convegno SIEV Sistemi di valutazione per le nuove pianificazioni Venezia 22 Novembre 2008 A. Oppio M. Ghellere A. Pandolfi Un approccio multidimensionale e partecipato alla valutazione del progetto : il modello SBTool Critical review of selection and weights assignment to the criteria Critical Review of SBTool STRENGHTSWEAKNESSES Involvement of experts Only the third subject has the task to assign the weights Use of both quantitative and qualitative indicators Weights of criteria dont consider the socio-economic features of the context Choice of criteria linked to the uses of building and the different phases of life cycle Stakeholders are not involved both in the choice and in the weights assignment of the criteria Impacts of criteria on the contextReasons of selection and weights assigment of the criteria are not explicited Introduction The SBTool Model Critical Review of SBTool Addressing SBTool to MCDA Conclusions A Multidimensional and Participatory Approach for Green Buildings Assessment A.Oppio S.Mattia A.Panfolfi M.Ghellere

FACOLTA ARCHITETTURA E SOCIETA DIPARTIMENTO BEST Building Environment Science & Technology Convegno SIEV Sistemi di valutazione per le nuove pianificazioni Venezia 22 Novembre 2008 A. Oppio M. Ghellere A. Pandolfi Un approccio multidimensionale e partecipato alla valutazione del progetto : il modello SBTool Development of SBTool GENERAL GOALS To assess social and economic dimension of sustainability beside the environmental one To open the decision making process to a broader number of subjects by the active involvement in the evaluation process of: Decisional Stakeholder (DS) : subject committed to take final decisions Non Decisional Stakeholder (NDS) : holders of interest without any decisional power on project/plan To find a balance between subjective aspects (preferences) and objective aspects (data about the context: environmental, social and economic impacts) Addressing SBTool to MCDA To solve main weaknesses of the software Introduction The SBTool Model Critical Review of SBTool Addressing SBTool to MCDA Conclusions A Multidimensional and Participatory Approach for Green Buildings Assessment A.Oppio S.Mattia A.Panfolfi M.Ghellere

FACOLTA ARCHITETTURA E SOCIETA DIPARTIMENTO BEST Building Environment Science & Technology Convegno SIEV Sistemi di valutazione per le nuove pianificazioni Venezia 22 Novembre 2008 A. Oppio M. Ghellere A. Pandolfi Un approccio multidimensionale e partecipato alla valutazione del progetto : il modello SBTool Addressing SBTool to MCDA Introduction The SBTool Model Crtitical Review of SBTool Addressing SBTool to MCDA Conclusions Development of SBTool A Multidimensional and Participatory Approach for Green Buildings Assessment A.Oppio S.Mattia A.Panfolfi M.Ghellere Actual version Local level Regional level THIRD SUBJECT Weights -criteria IMPACTS OF CRITERIA CONTEXT direct identification preferences input of data

FACOLTA ARCHITETTURA E SOCIETA DIPARTIMENTO BEST Building Environment Science & Technology Convegno SIEV Sistemi di valutazione per le nuove pianificazioni Venezia 22 Novembre 2008 A. Oppio M. Ghellere A. Pandolfi Un approccio multidimensionale e partecipato alla valutazione del progetto : il modello SBTool Addressing SBTool to MCDA Variable subjectivity Constant objectivity Variable objectivity Introduction The SBTool Model Crtitical Review of SBTool Addressing SBTool to MCDA Conclusions Development of SBTool/2 A Multidimensional and Participatory Approach for Green Buildings Assessment A.Oppio S.Mattia A.Panfolfi M.Ghellere New version

FACOLTA ARCHITETTURA E SOCIETA DIPARTIMENTO BEST Building Environment Science & Technology Convegno SIEV Sistemi di valutazione per le nuove pianificazioni Venezia 22 Novembre 2008 A. Oppio M. Ghellere A. Pandolfi Un approccio multidimensionale e partecipato alla valutazione del progetto : il modello SBTool Development of SBTool Addressing SBTool to MCDA Use of different kind of analysis for selecting and weighting criteria: 1.Stakeholders analysis (Decisional Stakeholder, Non Decisional Stakeholder) + Analysis of shared preferences 2.Contexts analysis 3.Analysis of impacts of criteria Weights assignment at different valuation levels: – Issues = f(Preferences of all the stakeholders; Contexts analysis) – Categories = f(Preferences of all the stakeholders) – Criteria = f(Preferences of Decisional Stakeholders; Impacts of criteria) Mixed use of objective and subjective data at key levels of valuation (issues and criteria) Introduction The SBTool Model Crtitical Review of SBTool Addressing SBTool to MCDA Conclusions A Multidimensional and Participatory Approach for Green Buildings Assessment A.Oppio S.Mattia A.Panfolfi M.Ghellere

FACOLTA ARCHITETTURA E SOCIETA DIPARTIMENTO BEST Building Environment Science & Technology Convegno SIEV Sistemi di valutazione per le nuove pianificazioni Venezia 22 Novembre 2008 A. Oppio M. Ghellere A. Pandolfi Un approccio multidimensionale e partecipato alla valutazione del progetto : il modello SBTool Stakeholders Analysis Addressing SBTool to MCDA 1.All of the stakeholder involved both institutional and informal 2.Decisional Stakeholder (DS), who has the task of final decision (generally Public Administration) 3.Questionnaire: –Characters of the stakeholder –Interest in the project –Role in the design process –Weights of criteria –Role in the valuation process –Capability of addressing vauation porcesses –Level of cooperation or conflict with other stakeholders –Resources Field of application: Issues and categories Introduction The SBTool Model Critical Review of SBTool Addressing SBTool to MCDA Conclusions A Multidimensional and Participatory Approach for Green Buildings Assessment A.Oppio S.Mattia A.Panfolfi M.Ghellere 4.Score from 0 to 3 to the question in red 5.Mean Index of influence: Index of influence= average of score assigned

FACOLTA ARCHITETTURA E SOCIETA DIPARTIMENTO BEST Building Environment Science & Technology Convegno SIEV Sistemi di valutazione per le nuove pianificazioni Venezia 22 Novembre 2008 A. Oppio M. Ghellere A. Pandolfi Un approccio multidimensionale e partecipato alla valutazione del progetto : il modello SBTool Analysis of shared preferences Addressing SBTool to MCDA 1.To define the Homogeneity Index of Preferences Homogeneity Index (Oi)= N° NDS eliciting the most shared preferencel/ Tot N° NDS [%] 2.For each criterion to balance the NDS preferences with the DS ones: Weight of criterion= [ NDS weight (Oi 0,67) ] + DS Weight [1-(Oi 0,67)] where 0,67 is a reduction coefficient of the Oi in order to consider both the DS and the NDS preferences 3.To distribute 50 scores among the issues and 100 scores among the categories proportionally to the weight of the criterion in its own evaluation level Field of application: Issues and categories Introduction The SBTool Model Critical Review of SBTool Addressing SBTool to MCDA Conclusions A Multidimensional and Participatory Approach for Green Buildings Assessment A.Oppio S.Mattia A.Panfolfi M.Ghellere

FACOLTA ARCHITETTURA E SOCIETA DIPARTIMENTO BEST Building Environment Science & Technology Convegno SIEV Sistemi di valutazione per le nuove pianificazioni Venezia 22 Novembre 2008 A. Oppio M. Ghellere A. Pandolfi Un approccio multidimensionale e partecipato alla valutazione del progetto : il modello SBTool Addressing SBTool to MCDA Introduction The SBTool Model Critical Review of SBTool Addressing SBTool to MCDA Conclusions Report of NDS features A Multidimensional and Participatory Approach for Green Buildings Assessment A.Oppio S.Mattia A.Panfolfi M.Ghellere

FACOLTA ARCHITETTURA E SOCIETA DIPARTIMENTO BEST Building Environment Science & Technology Convegno SIEV Sistemi di valutazione per le nuove pianificazioni Venezia 22 Novembre 2008 A. Oppio M. Ghellere A. Pandolfi Un approccio multidimensionale e partecipato alla valutazione del progetto : il modello SBTool Preferences of all the stakeholders Addressing SBTool to MCDA Introduction The SBTool Model Critical Review of SBTool Addressing SBTool to MCDA Conclusions A Multidimensional and Participatory Approach for Green Buildings Assessment A.Oppio S.Mattia A.Panfolfi M.Ghellere

FACOLTA ARCHITETTURA E SOCIETA DIPARTIMENTO BEST Building Environment Science & Technology Convegno SIEV Sistemi di valutazione per le nuove pianificazioni Venezia 22 Novembre 2008 A. Oppio M. Ghellere A. Pandolfi Un approccio multidimensionale e partecipato alla valutazione del progetto : il modello SBTool Context analysis: new socio-economic indicators Addressing SBTool to MCDA 1.New socio-economic indicators Energy intensity Number of renewable energy system Crime rate Poverty range Family per capita Gross domestic product Families that state to have at least a problem in their house for 100 families Families average monthly expenses for furniture, household electrical appliances and house services House space 2.Detailed framework of the possible connections between context indicators and evaluation criteria by an objective tree for each issues, according to the hierarchic structure of SBTool and calculation of criteria affected by each indicator for each issue (indicators incidence) Field of application: Issues Introduction The SBTool Model Critical Review of SBTool Addressing SBTool to MCDA Conclusions A Multidimensional and Participatory Approach for Green Buildings Assessment A.Oppio S.Mattia A.Panfolfi M.Ghellere

FACOLTA ARCHITETTURA E SOCIETA DIPARTIMENTO BEST Building Environment Science & Technology Convegno SIEV Sistemi di valutazione per le nuove pianificazioni Venezia 22 Novembre 2008 A. Oppio M. Ghellere A. Pandolfi Un approccio multidimensionale e partecipato alla valutazione del progetto : il modello SBTool Context analysis: operating steps Addressing SBTool to MCDA 1.Benchmarking of context indicators: are used as benchmark performances for some values Value -1: negative performance Value 3: best practice 2.Performances valuation of context indicators 3.Results for per issues Vote for issue = Σ(score of indicator i incidence of indicator i) 4.Distribution of 50 scores to the issues in inverse relation to the level of contexts sustainability in order to give most importance to solving the criticisms of the context and to avoid to increase the existing imbalances of territorial development. Introduction The SBTool Model Critical Review of SBTool Addressing SBTool to MCDA Conclusions A Multidimensional and Participatory Approach for Green Buildings Assessment A.Oppio S.Mattia A.Panfolfi M.Ghellere

FACOLTA ARCHITETTURA E SOCIETA DIPARTIMENTO BEST Building Environment Science & Technology Convegno SIEV Sistemi di valutazione per le nuove pianificazioni Venezia 22 Novembre 2008 A. Oppio M. Ghellere A. Pandolfi Un approccio multidimensionale e partecipato alla valutazione del progetto : il modello SBTool Impact analysis of criteria Addressing SBTool to MCDA 1.Valuation of impacts of criteria on the context: ray of action (RA), intensity (INT), duration (D): RA : proportionally to the territorial extension INT: proportionally to indirect or direct effect D: proportionally to the phases of life cycle 2.Multiplication, for each criterion, of impact factors and definition of total impact index of criterion: Global impact of the criterion = (RA impact x INT impact x D impact) 3.Distribution of 50 score among the criteria of the same category proportionally to the total impact index of each criterion Field of application: Criteria Introduction The SBTool Model Critical Review of SBTool Addressing SBTool to MCDA Conclusions A Multidimensional and Participatory Approach for Green Buildings Assessment A.Oppio S.Mattia A.Panfolfi M.Ghellere

FACOLTA ARCHITETTURA E SOCIETA DIPARTIMENTO BEST Building Environment Science & Technology Convegno SIEV Sistemi di valutazione per le nuove pianificazioni Venezia 22 Novembre 2008 A. Oppio M. Ghellere A. Pandolfi Un approccio multidimensionale e partecipato alla valutazione del progetto : il modello SBTool Impact analysis of criteria Addressing SBTool to MCDA Introduction The SBTool Model Critical Review of SBTool Addressing SBTool to MCDA Conclusions A Multidimensional and Participatory Approach for Green Buildings Assessment A.Oppio S.Mattia A.Panfolfi M.Ghellere

FACOLTA ARCHITETTURA E SOCIETA DIPARTIMENTO BEST Building Environment Science & Technology Convegno SIEV Sistemi di valutazione per le nuove pianificazioni Venezia 22 Novembre 2008 A. Oppio M. Ghellere A. Pandolfi Un approccio multidimensionale e partecipato alla valutazione del progetto : il modello SBTool Report of weights Addressing SBTool to MCDA ISSUES : 50 scores from stakeholder s preferences 50 scores from contexts analysis CATEGORIES : 100 scores from stakeholder s preferences CRITERIA: 50 scores from DSs preferences 50 scores from impact analysis of criteria Introduction The SBTool Model Critical Review of SBTool Addressing SBTool to MCDA Conclusions A Multidimensional and Participatory Approach for Green Buildings Assessment A.Oppio S.Mattia A.Panfolfi M.Ghellere

FACOLTA ARCHITETTURA E SOCIETA DIPARTIMENTO BEST Building Environment Science & Technology Convegno SIEV Sistemi di valutazione per le nuove pianificazioni Venezia 22 Novembre 2008 A. Oppio M. Ghellere A. Pandolfi Un approccio multidimensionale e partecipato alla valutazione del progetto : il modello SBTool Results and further developments The process suggested to solve the current criticisms of SBTool is coherent with the purposes highlighted in the critical analysis of the evaluation model Quite attention has been paid to the integration between multicriteria analysis and participation methods, in order to strengthen the iterative and interactive nature of the appraisal process The final decisions are assumed consciously by the actors involved in the decision-making process for the opportunity of verifying the impacts of their choices according to the available information and their expectations into a transparent evaluation process The implemented tool could be considered as a kind of social decisional multicriteria analysis since it makes explicit, rational and efficient the selection between multiple and/or conflicting goals, contributing to improve the transparency and to strengthen the legitimacy of decisions taken Conclusions Introduction The SBTool Model Critical Review of SBTool Addressing SBTool to MCDA Conclusions A Multidimensional and Participatory Approach for Green Buildings Assessment A.Oppio S.Mattia A.Panfolfi M.Ghellere