Tecnologia dei Servizi Grid e cloud computing - Lezione 001a 0 Lezione 1a - 13 ottobre 2009 Il materiale didattico usato in questo corso è stato mutuato da quello utilizzato da Paolo Veronesi per il corso di Griglie Computazionali per la Laurea Specialistica in Informatica tenuto nellanno accademico 2008/09 presso lUniversità degli Studi di Ferrara. Paolo Veronesi Università degli Studi di Bari – Corso di Laurea Specialistica in Informatica Tecnologia dei Servizi Grid e cloud computing A.A. 2009/2010 Giorgio Pietro Maggi

Tecnologia dei Servizi Grid e cloud computing - Lezione 001a 1 The technological offer

Tecnologia dei Servizi Grid e cloud computing - Lezione 001a 2 Computing and Communication Technologies Evolution: ! * Sputnik * ARPANET * * Ethernet * TCP/IP * IETF * Internet Era* WWW Era * Mosaic * XML *PC Clusters *Crays *MPPs *Mainframes * HTML * W3C *P2P *Grids *XEROX PARC worm COMPUTING Communication * Web Services * Minicomputers *PCs * WS Clusters *PDAs *Workstations *HTC 2010 * e-Science Computing as Utility * e-Business * SocialNets Control Centralised Decentralised

Tecnologia dei Servizi Grid e cloud computing - Lezione 001a 3 Performance, Capability, Value of ICT as defined by the three Laws of Computing Moores Law. Transistors on a single chip doubles ~ every 18 months. Gilders Law. Aggregate bandwidth triples ~ every year. Metcalfes Law. The value of a network may grow exponentially with the number of participants. Source: Cambridge Energy Resource Associates

Tecnologia dei Servizi Grid e cloud computing - Lezione 001a 4 Increase of network technologies Network vs. Computer perfomances Computer speed doubles every 18 months Data storage density doubles every 12 months Network speed doubles every 9 months Computers: x500 Networks: x 340, Computers: x60 Networks: x4,000 Scientific American (Jan-2001) by Cleo Vilett, source VinedKhoslan, Kleiner, Caufieldand Perkins

Tecnologia dei Servizi Grid e cloud computing - Lezione 001a 5 Entry Price-Points For HPC Has Dropped Sample System Performance Price Customers Cray Y-MP C916Sun NewEgg.com ~10 GFlops $40,000,000$1,000,000 (40x drop) $4,000 (250x drop) Government LabsLarge EnterprisesEvery Engineer and Scientist

Tecnologia dei Servizi Grid e cloud computing - Lezione 001a 6 Distributed Memory Becoming The Norm Clusters over 70%

Tecnologia dei Servizi Grid e cloud computing - Lezione 001a 7 COTS Components Gaining Ground GigaE is gaining (50% of systems) x86 is leading (Pentium 41%, EM64T 16%, Opteron 11%

Tecnologia dei Servizi Grid e cloud computing - Lezione 001a 8 The GÉANT2 network and the rest of the world USA Latin America Asia South-East Europe Mediterranean Area Pan-European coverage (40+ countries/3900 Universities/30+ millions of students) Hybryd architecture: Connectivity at 10 Gbps Dark fiber wavelengths

Tecnologia dei Servizi Grid e cloud computing - Lezione 001a 9 The global network Corso Introduttivo di Grid Computing, Catania,

Tecnologia dei Servizi Grid e cloud computing - Lezione 001a 10 The Grid: networked data processing centres and middleware software as the glue of resources. Researchers perform their activities regardless geographical location, interact with colleagues, share and access data Scientific instruments and experiments provide huge amount of data The Grid Vision for e-Science Grids are both a dream and a tool for realizing even larger dreams. (

Tecnologia dei Servizi Grid e cloud computing - Lezione 001a 11 eScience Science is becoming increasingly digital, needs to deal with increasing amounts of data and computational needs Simulations get ever more detailed Nanotechnology – design of new materials from the molecular scale Modelling and predicting complex systems (weather forecasting, river floods, earthquake) Decoding the human genome Experimental Science uses ever more sophisticated sensors to make precise measurements Need high statistics Huge amounts of data Serves user communities around the world

Tecnologia dei Servizi Grid e cloud computing - Lezione 001a 12 Not only e-Science!! e-Knowledge e-Research e-Science

Tecnologia dei Servizi Grid e cloud computing - Lezione 001a 13 Definitions e-Science e-Science is used to describe computationally intensive science that is carried out in highly distributed network environments, or science that uses immense data sets that require grid computing; the term sometimes includes technologies that enable distributed collaboration (The term was created by John Taylor, the Director General of the United Kingdom's Office of Science and Technology in 1999 and was used to describe a large funding initiative starting in November 2000) e-Research e-Research extends e-Science and e-Infrastructure to all sciences and denotes the use of Information Technology to support existing and new forms of research. The main features are : Collaborative; uses GRID technologies; data intensive; and the adoption in research activities of a spectrum of advanced Information and Communication Technology (ICT) capabilities. It embraces new research methodologies emerging from increasing access to: Networks; Services; Tools.

Tecnologia dei Servizi Grid e cloud computing - Lezione 001a 14 e-Knowledge

Tecnologia dei Servizi Grid e cloud computing - Lezione 001a 15 La strategia di Lisbona È stata definita dallAgenda Sociale Europea nei Consigli Europei di Lisbona (2000), Nizza (2000), Göteborg (2001), Barcellona (2002) e Bruxelles (2005); Obiettivo qualitativo: Trasformare l'Unione Europea, entro il 2010, nelleconomia basata sulla conoscenza più competitiva e dinamica del mondo, in grado di realizzare una crescita economica sostenibile con nuovi e migliori posti di lavoro e una maggiore coesione sociale; Obiettivi quantitativi (da raggiungere entro il 2010): Un tasso di crescita economica pari al 3%; Un tasso di occupazione del 70%; Un tasso di partecipazione della forza femminile al lavoro pari al 60%.

Tecnologia dei Servizi Grid e cloud computing - Lezione 001a 16 The European Research Area Network infrastructure ( GÉANT2 ) Operations, Support and training Collaboration Pan-European Grid

Tecnologia dei Servizi Grid e cloud computing - Lezione 001a 17 REL-PROJ's EGEE Related projects co- vering several regions of the world GÉANT. INFRASTRUCTURE GRID. INFRASTRUCTURE EGEE Production quality Grid, HEP, Biomed..., int. links (67M – CERN ) GÉANT Pan-European Research Network, 3900 inst., 30+ million users, 40+ countries (~100 M - DANTE) DEISA Grid of EU supercomputers networked at Gbps, focus on global filing systems,>40 Tflop/s, several user communities (15M - CNRS). Le-Infrastruttura Europea oggi 300 M in FP6 4 G in FP7 !

Tecnologia dei Servizi Grid e cloud computing - Lezione 001a 18 Summary of How e-Infrastructures help e-Science e-Infrastructures provide easier access for Geographically distributed researchers Small research groups Scientists from many different fields Remote and still developing countries To new technologies Produce and store massive amounts of data Transparent access to millions of files across different administrative domains Low cost access to resources Mobilise large amounts of CPU & storage on short notice (PC clusters) High-end facilities (supercomputers) And help to find new ways to collaborate Develops applications using distributed complex workflows Eases distributed collaborations Provides new ways of community building Gives easier access to higher education NETWORK. INFRASTRUCTURE GRID. INFRASTRUCTURE KNOWLEDGE. INFRASTRUCTURE

Tecnologia dei Servizi Grid e cloud computing - Lezione 001a 19 Evolution European e-Infrastructure Testbeds Utility Service Routine Usage National Global

Tecnologia dei Servizi Grid e cloud computing - Lezione 001a Slide courtesy of Kyriakos Baxevanidis, EC Broad scale test-beds Production quality facilities Sustainable grid/data-based e-Infrastructures (utility model) Towards sustainable e-Infrastructures

Tecnologia dei Servizi Grid e cloud computing - Lezione 001a 21 Le opportunità future in Europa: lFP7 infrastructure/projects_en.html >100 M già spesi > 100 M disponibili in call aperte Per informazioni sulle call aperte:

Tecnologia dei Servizi Grid e cloud computing - Lezione 001a 22 Le opportunità future in Italia: il PON Il PON Ricerca e Competitività ha lobiettivo di cofinanziare progetti nei campi della ricerca scientifica, dello sviluppo tecnologico, della competitività e dellinnovazione industriale nel periodo di programmazione Il PON si articolerà su 3 Assi prioritari: Asse I: Sostegno ai mutamenti strutturali Asse II: Sostegno allinnovazione Asse III: Assistenza tecnica e attività di accompagnamento Le azioni dellAsse I e dellAsse II saranno tra loro fortemente correlate ed interdipendenti

Tecnologia dei Servizi Grid e cloud computing - Lezione 001a 23 Alessandro Volta in Paris in 1801 at the French National Institute shows the battery while in the presence of Napoleon I Fresco by N. Cianfanelli (1841) (Zoological Section "La Specula" of National History Museum of Florence University)

Tecnologia dei Servizi Grid e cloud computing - Lezione 001a 24 ….and in the future, I imagine a Worldwide Power (Electrical) Grid …... What ?!?! This is a mad man… Oh, mon Dieu !

Tecnologia dei Servizi Grid e cloud computing - Lezione 001a = 207 years (Recent R&D: Delivering Internet services via Electric cables).

Tecnologia dei Servizi Grid e cloud computing - Lezione 001a 26 4 Essential Utilities and Delivery Networks (2) Water Water Distribution Network (4) Telephone Telecom Networks (3) Gas (1) Electricity Power Grid

Tecnologia dei Servizi Grid e cloud computing - Lezione 001a 27 A citation … (The father of ubiquitous computing) Telephone, Light bulb, Telegraph, Radio, TV, Computer, Network, PC, Web, … (in the same order as they were invented)