LA COLTIVAZIONE DELLA MELA Originario dell'Asia Orientale, il melo è oggi coltivato intensivamente in Cina, Stati Uniti, Russia, Europa (soprattutto in Italia e Francia). Le mele sono disponibili sul mercato praticamente tutto l'anno, con varietà estive, come Summerred, Royal Gala ed Ozark Gold, ed autunnali, quali Golden Delicious, Stark Delicious, Imperatore, Jonathan, Fuji, Renetta del Canada, Granny Smith, Starking e Starkrimson. Tra le invernali, le più diffuse sono Annurca e Stayman.

COMPOSIZIONE E VALORE ENERGETICO DELLA MELA (100 g di prodotto) Parte edibile 94 % Acqua 86.6 g Proteine 0.2 g Lipidi 0.3 g Glucidi 11 g Fibra alimentare 2 g Energia 45 kcal Sodio 2 mg Potassio 120 mg Ferro 0.3 mg Calcio 6 mg Fosforo 12 mg Niacina Acido citrico 70 mg Fonte: Istituto Nazionale della Nutrizione

MELE: effetti positivi sulla salute Epidemiologia Several studies have specifically linked apple consumption with a reduced risk for cancer (21% reduced lung cancer risk in women) A reduced risk of cardiovascular disease has been associated with apple consumption. Apple consumption has been inversely linked with asthma and has also been positively associated with general pulmonary health Apple consumption may also be associated with a lower risk for diabetes.

MELE: attività antiossidante

MELE: attività antiossidante Apples, and especially apple peels, have been found to have a potent antioxidant activity. The total antioxidant activity of apples with the peel was approximately 83 μmol vitamin C equivalents, which means that the antioxidant activity of 100 g apples (about one serving of apple) is equivalent to about 1500 mg of vitamin C. However, the amount of vitamin C in 100 g of apples is only about 5.7 mg. Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant, but this research shows that nearly all of the antioxidant activity from apples comes from a variety of other compounds. Vitamin C in apples contributed less than 0.4% of total antioxidant activity.

MELE: attività antiossidante

MELE: flavonoidi nelle diverse varietà

MELE: attività antiossidante Main components of the flesh are catechins, procyanidins, phloretin, phlorizin, caffeic acid, and chlorogenic acid; Phloretin and its glycosylated derivative, phloridzin

MELE: attività antiossidante the peel possesses all of these compounds and has additional flavonoids not found in the flesh, such as quercetin glycosides quercetin glycoside concentrations: of 400-700 mg/100 g in Granny Smith apple peels, with quercetin 3-galactoside (hyperin), quercetin 3-arabinofuranoside (avicularin), quercetin 3-rhamnoside (quercitin), and quercetin 3-xyloside (reynoutrin) being the most common Sugar mojety

MELE: profilo hplc

MELE: dati hplc

MELE: dati hplc

MELE: attività antitumorale

MELE: triterpenoidi

MELE: triterpenoidi

MELE: Animal studies Cholesterol-lowering effects

Giuggiole

Giuggiole

Giuggiole

Acidi triterpenici delle Giuggiole

Giuggiole