ERIOFIDI Miniaturizzazione del corpo. 16 mm Circa 200 µm Relevant morphological adaptations to the life in small space. On the diamater of a coin of 1 cent of € there can be counted up to 100 individuals on a queue. Circa 200 µm

ERIOFIDI: dispersione vento materiale di propagazione abiti operatori From the thesis by Zhao S. (2000). A 3 year investigation using the water pan sampling method resulted in a total of 8,131 airborne eriophyoid specimens. They were collected in each month of the year with a significant peak period in June-July. Their airborne activities had an evident diurnal pattern with a peak in mid afternoon. Meteorological factors, except for wind, did not seem to have a significant effect on daily airborne catches of eriophyoids in summer. A total of 171 arthropods were collected in 249 kg of snow from 10 major snowfalls. The fauna included 89 eriophyoid specimens and 75 mites in other groups, both in diverse taxa. Presence of mites in snow further indicated their great potential for aerial dispersal, and might imply their potential for long distance dispersal. Only 24 eriophyoid specimens were recovered from about 35,000 insects from Malaise traps, so phoresy occurs to a very limited extent in eriophyoids. From Barke et al. (1972). A minimum wind speed of 10-13 km/h is required for aerial dispersal of Aculus fockeui. Eriophyoids exhibit behaviours that can promote their wind dispersal: specimens stand up on their anal lobes in a perpendicular position to the plant surface, facing the wind; specimens concentrate on the most wind exposed areas of the plants forming mite masses; sometimes chains formed by some individuals have been observed (Gibson & Painter, 1957); legs are moved trough the air increasing the surface available for “taking off”; specimens can launch/leap themselves from the substrate into the air; dispersed adults are more abundant than juveniles.

Colomerus vitis (agente della erinosi della vite) Cortesia Prof. Porcelli

Calepitrimerus vitis (acaro rugginoso della vite) 1 2 Deutogine su foglie in primavera Deutogine in gemme e sotto corteccia (luglio – aprile) Protogine e maschi su foglie, grappoli e tralci (Maggio - Settembre) Deutogine su foglie (da luglio) 3 4

Calepitrimerus vitis: biologia % popolazione su foglie nodi 9-10 7-8 5-6 4 3 2 Percentuale di distribuzione di una populazione di Calepitrimerus vitis su foglie in relazione alla loro posizione sul tralcio in vigneti allevati a tendone (cv. Sangiovese in biologico, Andria, tra 15 giugno e 7 settembre 1996)

FALSI RAGNETTI: Brevipalpus lewisi Preferisce: agrumi, noce, melograno, vite e molte ornamentali; frutti più che foglie; rugginosità.

RAGNETTI: Panonychus ulmi (from Hoy, 2011) (plante-doktor.dk/panonychus%20ulmi%20aeg3.jpg) (from Hoy, 2011) (ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/51sViHIgsgL._SS400_.jpg)

RAGNETTI: Panonychus ulmi SOGLIE da disciplinare: 60-70% di foglie infestate in primavera e 30-45% di foglie infestate in estate SOGLIE ULTERIORI 10 forme mobili/foglie con predatori assenti o rari; altrimenti 20 forme mobili/foglia. 6 uova/gemma e 50% di nodi infestati in inverno. Campionamento delle gemme effettuato sul 5th-8th nodo dalla base del tralcio.