IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY PRESERVATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES: COLD STORAGE, MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE PACKAGING AND CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE STORAGE Istanbul (Turkey), 17-20 January 2002 PRESERVATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES: THE ITALIAN PICTURE Giancarlo Colelli Università degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi – Italy Area Materiali e Processi per l’Agroindustria

FRESH PRODUCE PRODUCTION & TRADE IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY OUTLINE FRESH PRODUCE PRODUCTION & TRADE COLD STORAGE & TRANSPORTATION CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE STORAGE & MODIFIED-ATMOSHERE PACKAGING HINTS ON LEGISLATION Università degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi – Italy Area Materiali e Processi per l’Agroindustria

FRESH PRODUCE PRODUCTION & TRADE

IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY PRODUCTION Università degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi – Italy Area Materiali e Processi per l’Agroindustria

Total Vegetables 14 719 537 615 Potatoes 2 321 85 576 Artichokes 537 IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY PRODUCTION PRODUCTION (MTx1000) ACREAGE (Hectares) Total Vegetables 14 719 537 615 Potatoes 2 321 85 576 Artichokes 537 50 955 Tomatoes 6 076 133 672 Fresh legumes 304 37 262 Leafy vegetables 958 51 280 Università degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi – Italy Area Materiali e Processi per l’Agroindustria

IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY TRADE Università degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi – Italy Area Materiali e Processi per l’Agroindustria

IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY TRADE Università degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi – Italy Area Materiali e Processi per l’Agroindustria

IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY TRADE Università degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi – Italy Area Materiali e Processi per l’Agroindustria

IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY TRADE Università degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi – Italy Area Materiali e Processi per l’Agroindustria

COLD STORAGE & TRANSPORTATION

IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Università degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi – Italy Area Materiali e Processi per l’Agroindustria USE OF LOW TEMPERATURE IN ORDER TO REDUCE DETERIORARION OF FRESH PRODUCE DURING STORAGE AND SHIPMENT IS QUITE GENERAL

GEOGRAPHICAL DIFFERENCES: SOUTH/NORTH COOLING TECNIQUES IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Università degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi – Italy Area Materiali e Processi per l’Agroindustria MAIN ISSUES RELATED TO COLD STORAGE & TRANSPORTATION: GEOGRAPHICAL DIFFERENCES: SOUTH/NORTH COOLING TECNIQUES RELATIVE HUMIDITY IN THE COLD ROOMS APPROPRIATE TEMPERATURES LOAD MIXING DURING TRANSPORTATION ETHYLENE REMOVAL FROM COLD ROOMS

IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Università degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi – Italy Area Materiali e Processi per l’Agroindustria ALWAYS EXISTED A TECHNOLOGICAL GAP BETWEEN THE SOUTHERN AND THE NORTHERN PART OF THE COUNTRY MOST OF THE PACKING-HOUSES IN THE NORTHERN REGIONS APPLY THE MOST ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY AND USE STATE-OF-THE-ART EQUIPMENTS POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF FRESH PRODUCE IN THE SOUTH IS MORE CRITICAL IN TERMS OF TECHNOLOGY AND (AS A CONSEQUENCE) MARKETING STRATEGIES

ROOM-COOLING IS STILL WIDELY USED IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Università degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi – Italy Area Materiali e Processi per l’Agroindustria ROOM-COOLING IS STILL WIDELY USED COOLING EQUIPMENTS (FORCED-AIR, HYDRO, VACUUM) ARE VERY COMMON (MOSTLY LOCAL MANIFACTURE)

REFRIGERATED CONTAINERS MIGHT BE LOADED WITH WARM PRODUCT IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Università degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi – Italy Area Materiali e Processi per l’Agroindustria SOME WINTER COMMODITIES (ARTICHOKES, CITRUS, BROCCOLI, FENNEL) MAY NOT BE COOLED AT ALL, ESPECIALLY IF INTENDED FOR DOMESTIC MARKETS REFRIGERATED CONTAINERS MIGHT BE LOADED WITH WARM PRODUCT

INCREASING USE OF AUTOMATION & MORE SOPHISTICATED SENSORS IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Università degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi – Italy Area Materiali e Processi per l’Agroindustria POORLY DESIGNED REFRIGERATION EQUIPMENTS RESULT IN A TOO-LOW RELATIVE HUMIDITY IN THE COLD ROOMS, INCREASING POSTHARVEST LOSSES ESPECIALLY DURING LONG-TERM STORAGE INCREASING USE OF INTERMEDIATE COOLANTS (GLICOLATED WATER, BRINE, ETC.) USE OF HUMIDIFIERS INCREASING USE OF AUTOMATION & MORE SOPHISTICATED SENSORS

ETHYLENE PRODUCTION/SENSITIVITY IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Università degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi – Italy Area Materiali e Processi per l’Agroindustria MIXED-LOAD COMPATIBILITY IS NOT ALWAYS RESPECTED DURING STORAGE AND/OR SHIPMENT WITH PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED TO: OPTIMAL TEMPERATURE REQUIREMENTS ETHYLENE PRODUCTION/SENSITIVITY EMISSION OF ODORS

MOST COLD ROOMS ARE NOT EQUIPPED WITH ANY ETHYLENE REMOVAL DEVICE. IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Università degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi – Italy Area Materiali e Processi per l’Agroindustria VERY OFTEN ROLE OF COMMODITY-PRODUCED ETHYLENE IN PROMOTING RIPENING AND SENESCENCE OF FRESH PRODUCE IS UNDERESTIMATED. MOST COLD ROOMS ARE NOT EQUIPPED WITH ANY ETHYLENE REMOVAL DEVICE.

CA STORAGE & MA PACKAGING

AT THE TIME THIS FIGURES REPRESENTED THE HIGHEST CAPACITY IN EUROPE. IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Università degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi – Italy Area Materiali e Processi per l’Agroindustria CA WAS FIRST USED IN ITALY AT A PRACTICAL LEVEL IN 1959 WITH 2 SMALL INSTALLATIONS FOR A FEW STOREROOMS AND RAPIDLY EXTENDED UNTIL IT EXCEEDED 4 MILLION m3. (DATA FROM GORINI F.L., 1989) THIS CAPACITY MAKES UP 40% OF TOTAL COLD ROOM VOLUME IN NORTHERN ITALY, WHERE THE LONG-STORAGE PRODUCTS PREDOMINATE. AT THE TIME THIS FIGURES REPRESENTED THE HIGHEST CAPACITY IN EUROPE.

ONLY OCCASIONAL APPLICATIONS ON OTHER COMMODITIES (STONEFRUITS) IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Università degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi – Italy Area Materiali e Processi per l’Agroindustria CA STORAGE IS EXTENSIVELY USED ON FEW COMODITIES SUCH AS APPLES, PEARS, & KIWIFRUIT ONLY OCCASIONAL APPLICATIONS ON OTHER COMMODITIES (STONEFRUITS)

MA PACKAGING IS EXTENSIVELY USED ON FRESH-CUTS ONLY. IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Università degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi – Italy Area Materiali e Processi per l’Agroindustria MA PACKAGING IS EXTENSIVELY USED ON FRESH-CUTS ONLY. IT IS RARELY USED ON FRESH PRODUCE, ALTHOUGH THE USE OF HIGHLY PERMEABLE PLASTIC BAGS OR SHRINK- WRAPPERS ARE COMMON FOR SOME VEGETABLES.

MAIN ISSUES RELATED TO CA STORAGE: IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Università degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi – Italy Area Materiali e Processi per l’Agroindustria MAIN ISSUES RELATED TO CA STORAGE: ROOM TIGHTNESS EQUIPMENT & SYSTEMS COMMODITY REQUIREMENTS COMMERCIAL USE EXTENDED TO COMMODITIES OTHER THAN APPLES, PEARS, & KIWIFRUITS

IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Università degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi – Italy Area Materiali e Processi per l’Agroindustria STOREROOM GAS TIGHTNESS REPRESENTS A PRIORITY ASPECT FOR CA INSTALLATIONS. SOME OF THE OLDER CA ROOMS ARE NOT ABLE TO EFFICIENTLY MANTAIN ULO CONDITIONS, WHICH FOR APPLES ARE KNOWN TO BE VERY EFFECTIVE FOR SCALD CONTROL.

MANY CA FACILITIES STILL PRESENT CATALYTIC OXYGEN BURNERS. IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Università degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi – Italy Area Materiali e Processi per l’Agroindustria MANY CA FACILITIES STILL PRESENT CATALYTIC OXYGEN BURNERS. PRESENTLY, HOLLOW-FIBER MEMBRANE NITROGEN-SEPARATORS ARE MORE FREQUENTLY INSTALLED

IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Università degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi – Italy Area Materiali e Processi per l’Agroindustria

IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Università degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi – Italy Area Materiali e Processi per l’Agroindustria CARBON DIOXIDE CONTROL IS USUALLY PERFORMED WITH MOLECULAR SIEVES OR ACTIVE-CARBON SCRUBBERS. WITH CENTRALIZED SYSTEM IT HAS ALWAYS BEEN EXTREMELY DIFFICULT TO SETUP AUTOMATED ATMOSPHERE CONTROL. THIS INDUCED THE USERS TO ADOPT ACTIVE CARBON SCRUBBERS WITH INDIVIDUAL CONTAINERS, EACH SUITABLE FOR THE PURIFICATION OF A SINGLE STOREROOM.

IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Università degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi – Italy Area Materiali e Processi per l’Agroindustria THIS DESIGN PRESENT THE ADVANTAGE OF SIMPLIFYING THE AUTOMATION OF GAS LEVEL CONTROL. IN ADDITION THE INSTALLATION IS SIMPLIFIED AS NO VALVES AND COMPLEX CONTROLLERS HAVE TO BE USED

CA ROOM AIR noC2H4 VAPOR UR T SENSORS O2 CO2 SENSORS O2 N2 O2 CO2 CO2 C2H4 Scrubber noC2H4 WATER VAPOR CA ROOM UR T SENSORS O2 CO2 SENSORS GLYCOL O2 N2 O2 CO2 CONTROL CO2 RH T CONTROL AIR

IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Università degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi – Italy Area Materiali e Processi per l’Agroindustria MOST OF THE CA EQUIPMENT ARE MANUFACTURED IN ITALY BY 3 MAIN COMPANIES WHICH EXPORT THEIR TECHNOLOGY WORLWIDE FRUIT CONTROL

CA CONDITION FOR SOME SELECTED COMMODITIES/VARIETIES IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Università degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi – Italy Area Materiali e Processi per l’Agroindustria CA CONDITION FOR SOME SELECTED COMMODITIES/VARIETIES SPECIE/CV T (°C) RH (%) O2 (%) CO2 (%) TIME (MO.) APPLES “GOLDEN” green 1-2 95 1-3 8-9 APPLES “GOLDEN” yellow 3-4 92 2-4 6-7 APPLES “GRANNY SMITH” 0-2 90 2-3 5-6 APPLES “JONATHAN” ripe 4-5 2-5 APPLES “DELICIOUS” PEARS “CONFERENCE” (*) -0,5 1 7-8 PEARS “DOYENNE COMICE” -1 3-5 4-6 PEARS “ABBÈ FETEL” KIWI (*) 98 2 7

IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Università degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi – Italy Area Materiali e Processi per l’Agroindustria VERY PROMISING RESULTS ARE REPORTED (IN ITALY & ABROAD) ON THE APPLICATION OF CA DURING STORAGE/TRANSIT OF A NUMBER OF OTHER COMMODITIES

LACK OF CONFIDENCE ON EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS TOO SHORT STORAGE TIME IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Università degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi – Italy Area Materiali e Processi per l’Agroindustria PRACTICAL APPLICATION IS ONLY RESTRICTED, OCCASIONALLY, TO A FEW SPECIES LACK OF CONFIDENCE ON EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS TOO SHORT STORAGE TIME LITTLE DIFFERENCE IN STORAGE PROLONGATION LACK OF ECONOMIC ADVANTAGES MAP REPRESENTS A VALID ALTERNATIVE TO CAS FOR MANY OF THESE SPECIES LOWER CAPITAL COSTS FEASIBLE FOR SHORT STORAGE TIME EXTREME FLEXIBILITY IN THE APPLICATION WIDE AVAILABILITY OF PACKING MATERIALS

TABLE GRAPES INDUSTRY REPRESENTS A PECULIAR CASE IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Università degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi – Italy Area Materiali e Processi per l’Agroindustria TABLE GRAPES INDUSTRY REPRESENTS A PECULIAR CASE EU LEGISLATION ALLOWS POSTHARVEST TREATMENTS WITH SO2, TO REDUCE DECAY AND EXTEND STORAGE LIFE. GRAPES IS EITHER FUMIGATED IN SPECIAL ENCLOSURE (BONOMI PATENT) OR PACKED WITH “SLOW” RELEASING SO2 PADS/LINERS/POUCHES

SINCE 1985 FDA DON NOT CONSIDER IT AS A GRAS PRODUCT IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Università degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi – Italy Area Materiali e Processi per l’Agroindustria USE OF SO2 HAS LONG BEEN A SAFETY ISSUE, AND ITS BANNING IS “ANXIOUSLY” EXPECTED BY MANY CONSUMER AND HEALTH ORGANIZATIONS SINCE 1985 FDA DON NOT CONSIDER IT AS A GRAS PRODUCT AMONG ALTERNATIVES TO SO2 AS POSTHARVEST TREATMENT MANY HAVE BEEN REPORTED VERY PROMISING, BUT NONE COMMERCIALLY ADOPTED SO FAR OZONE HIDROGEN PEROXIDE ACETIC ACID CHLORINE ACETALDEHYDE CARBON MONOXIDE IRRADIATION WITH g-RAYS IRRADIATION WITH UV-C ULO CA

IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Università degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi – Italy Area Materiali e Processi per l’Agroindustria ON-PLANT STORAGE IS A WIDELY USED PRACTICE IN THE “ITALIA” GRAPES INDUSTRY (ABOUT 80% OF TOTAL) BUNCHES ARE KEPT ON THE COVERED CANOPY UNTIL AS LONG AS DECEMBER, IN ORDER TO REACH HOLIDAYS MARKETS

CHEMICAL CONTROL OF PESTS AND DECAY IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Università degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi – Italy Area Materiali e Processi per l’Agroindustria ADVANTAGES OF THIS PRACTICE INCLUDE: LIMITED WATER LOSS CHEMICAL CONTROL OF PESTS AND DECAY POSTHARVEST LIFE LIMITED TO TRANSIT & MARKETING TIME GOOD QUALITY PRODUCT UPON THE MOST FAVORABLE MARKETS

HINTS ON LEGISLATION

IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Università degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi – Italy Area Materiali e Processi per l’Agroindustria AS FOR OTHER SECTORS ITALIAN NORMATIVE REFERRING TO POSTHARVEST TREATMENT FOR FRESH PRODUCE INCLUDES EU DIRECTIVES AND REGULATIONS AS FROM JANUARY 1 2002 ACCESS TO AND CONSULTATION OF ALL OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS AVAILABLE IN THE EUR-LEX PORTAL, ESPECIALLY TO DOCUMENTS PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL, WILL BE FREE OF CHARGE. USEFUL LINKS: http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/ http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/lif/ind/en_analytical_index_03.html http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/lif/reg/en_register_036054.html

MARKETING STANDARDS FOR DIFFERENT COMMODITIES; IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Università degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi – Italy Area Materiali e Processi per l’Agroindustria RELEVANT NORMATIVE RELATED TO POSTHARVEST ASPECTS OF FRESH PRODUCE INCLUDES: MARKETING STANDARDS FOR DIFFERENT COMMODITIES; ASPECTS RELATED TO CHEMICAL USE, MAXIMUM LEVEL OF RESIDUES ON THE PRODUCT, AND OFFICIAL METHODS FOR SAMPLING & ANALYSIS; ASPECTS RELATED TO ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS ORIGINATING FROM POSTHARVEST PRACTICES; ASPECTS RELATED TO SAFETY OF PERSONNEL INVOLVED IN THE ACTIVITIES.

IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Università degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi – Italy Area Materiali e Processi per l’Agroindustria AS FOR CHEMICALS USE IN POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF FRESH PRODUECE, IN GENERAL, ITALIAN LEGISLATION DO NOT ALLOW THE USE OF ANY INGREDIENT, WITH THE FOLLOWING FEW EXCEPTIONS (DIRECTIVES 97/41/CE, 99/65/CE, 99/71/CE)

ACTIVE INGREDIENTS CLASSIFIED AS PESTICIDES IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Università degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi – Italy Area Materiali e Processi per l’Agroindustria ACTIVE INGREDIENTS CLASSIFIED AS PESTICIDES BENOMIL (FUNG) ON APPLES AND PEARS (15 DAYS) CARBENDAZIM (FUNG) ON APPLES AND PEARS (15 DAYS) CLORPROFAM (SPROUTING INHIBITOR) ON POTATOES (30 DAYS) DPA (SCALD INHIBITOR) ON APPLES AND PEARS (30 & 60 DAYS) ETOXIQUIN (SCALD INHIBITOR) ON APPLES AND PEARS (90 DAYS) FENHEXAMID (FUNG) ON KIWIFRUIT (60 DAYS) IMAZALIL (FUNG) ON CITRUS FRUITS IPRODIONE (FUNG) ON LEMONS (30 DAYS) AND APPLES AND PEARS (10 DAYS) MALATHION (INS) ON POTATOES PIRETRINE (INS) ON FRUITS & TOMATOES (2 DAYS) PROCIMIDON (FUNG) ON KIWIFRUIT (60 DAYS) TBZ (FUNG) ON APPLES, PEARS AND POTATOES (30 DAYS) METHYL THIOPHANATE (FUNG) ON APPLES & PEARS (15 DAYS) VINCHLOZOLIN (FUNG) ON KIWIFRUIT (60 DAYS)

ACTIVE INGREDIENTS CLASSIFIED AS PRESERVATIVES IMPROVED QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PROCESSING INDUSTRY Università degli Studi di Foggia, Italy Istituto di Produzioni e Preparazioni Alimentari PASTIS CNRSM, Brindisi – Italy Area Materiali e Processi per l’Agroindustria ACTIVE INGREDIENTS CLASSIFIED AS PRESERVATIVES SO2 IN DIFFERENT FORMS (E220, E221, E222, E223, E224, E225, E226, E227, E228) ON GRAPES; DIPHENYL (E230), ORTHOPHENYL PHENOL (E231), SODIUM ORTHOPHENYL PHENOL (E232): ON BANANA & CITRUS TBZ (E233) ON BANANA & CITRUS

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