Confindustria Emilia-Romagna Low cost sorbent for reducing mercury emissions SOREME Project 12 month meeting Pisa, 27 January 2014 Life+ 11 ENV/IT/109-SOREME

CONER represents companies to test the SOREME sorbent at semi-industrial and industrial level over different industrial cycles CONER is responsible for implementation of the following actions: Implementation actions (B) B.4 - Demonstration of the innovative project mercury sorbent at semi-industrial level B.5 - Demonstration of the innovative project mercury sorbent at industrial level Monitoring of the impact of the project actions (C) C.4 – Feedback on SOREME mercury sorbent use C.5 - Demonstration of environmental-technical-socio-economic viability CONER is also involved : Communication and dissemination actions (D) Project management and monitoring of the project progress (E) Role of Confindustria ER in SOREME

started In running Role of Confindustria ER in SOREME: timetable

Description of the work Focus on demonstration of the SOREME sorbent at semi-industrial/indusrial level (action B.4-B.5) Main activities and results: Survey and selection of Industries available to host the demonstration of SOREME sorbent ( with the involvement of local industrial associations ) side effect: dissemination and promotional events! Identification of scenarios for demonstration and assessment of technological and regulatory issues. Identification of Industrial plans where to carry out the demonstration activities at semi industrial and industrial level (gas emission) – tradeoff between complexity of industrial plans, regulatory issues, industry internal policy & authorizations, available budget and timing. Identification of a specific external assistance (Klyma srl) to design customized demonstration facility (SOREME DEMONSTRATION FACILITY) to be integrated within the specific industrial plan; Identification of sub-components providers (consumables) required to assembly the Soreme Demonstration Facility on the base of best value for money and timing. Times required to complete B.4 – aprox. 5/6 wks … despite the delay the industrial demonstration is estimated to be faster (A draft video has been prepared and will be integrated as activities move further on) Start regulatory assessment on technical-economic-enviromental viability (C.5 action) Preliminary feedback on mercury sorbent use (C.4 action)

Description of the work Survey and selection of enterprises in Emilia Romagna Region available to collaborate in the semi-industrial testing of SOREME sorbent. Different types of enterprises operating in the field of waste management have been identified: Large size enterprises with large waste management plants SMEs specialized in waste and energy management SME specialized in water treatments SMEs specialized in services in the field of eco-innovation Laboratories and small companies in charge of certification and environmental assessment

Description of the work Scenarios for SOREME Demonstration and assessment of related problems Main scenarios Gas treatment from combustion plants : Crematory, Urban Waste, Medical Waste Water treatment from waste water plants Some constraints and limiting factors Heterogeneous scenario with highly customized industrial plans (not possible to define a general purpose strategy which works equally good for all the scenario) Timing, available budget, regulation and internal authorization paths. Strategy: The demonstration activities has required clearly-identified specific plan (with its own specific technological and regulatory constrains). Focus the demonstration activities on the more significant scenarios (gas emissions) the one with greater economic and environmental impacts but the one with more complexity in terms of plan engineering and regulations from here the other scenario will be much more easy and chip!

SOREME Demonstration on GAS EMISSIONS FROM COMBUSTION PLANTS SMEs plants have been selected to carry out the semi-industrial tests. -Economic reasons. Large plants have to stop the daily activities with significant important financial loss (order of magnitude of hundred-thousand /h) -Time reasons. Large enterprises require longer internal procedure to release authorizations to build up a pilot plant -Huge flows = Huge amount of sorbent -Uncertainty related to a clear qualification of SOREME sorbent. -Potential Technological incompatibility with existing plants/machineries. -Regulatory framework. Control of national and regional authorities (ARPA) on the activities which may lie out of the officially authorized ones (HERA: public-private partnership) -Security constraints. - This inconvenience may be solved one the SOREME sorbent will be qualified ( potentially included in future activities, if some budget will be left) Description of the work

SOREME Ecosystems (sites and suppliers) Bergamo (out of ER region ) Dissemination activities Brescia Foggia Modena Parma Piacenza Rimini Spinea Dissemination activities Cervignano del Friuli sites

Description of the plants INCINERATION PLANTS – Modena Click to see

Technical information and Design Constraints Fisical sizing of soreme sorbent: Two different SOREME Sorbents available (in Granular vs Pellets) with different adsorption capability Industrial constraints – the semi-industrial and industrial demonstrations require a well designed process to avoid to perturb the industrial plan during current operations. Process constraints Identify suitable places to interact with the industrial plan to manage the gas emissions and respect the current regulations (enviromental and security regulations) Gas emission temperture relativenly high Dusts with different sizing are present that may interfere with the demonstration activities The emission flows after being taken from the plan for the demonstration activity must be reintroduced in the plants to be subjected to well-regulated filtration procedures

Technical information – Design Constraints Physical Characteristics of the SOREME sorbent and design of filters Granular SOREME Sorbent non homogeneous, with variable dimensions (from fine 1 mm up to 10 mm in size) The evaluation of the sorbent has allowed to carry out a demonstration activities using a fixed bed filters controlled emission flow speed (low regime) precaution to avoid dragging fine dusts in the sorbent itself and in the industrial plants. Firsts Feedback on usage It will be recommendable to carry out an analysis of the particle size distribution as it influences the final necessary amount of SOREME Sorbent and the related evaluation of its efficiency

Technical information – Design Constraints Physical Characteristics of the SOREME sorbent and design of filters Granular SOREME Pellets produced using a blend of Sorbent (70%) and bentonite (30%) and with a variable diameter of 4-6 mm and length of 5-25 mm. The specific weight is about 0,5 Kg/L. Firsts Feedback on usage As the sorbent efficiency depends on the available surfaces bentonite may prevent gas emission to properly interact with the SOREME activated sorbent reducing its efficiency. For the preliminary evaluation SOREME sorbent both Pellets and Granular can be treated under micronized process conditions to improve its efficiency Some preliminary contcact has been establised with LB-Technology (MO) which can eventually improve the actual General suggestions to improve SOREME sorbent

The Soreme Demonstration Facility Industrial gas flow pipeline (containing hot exhausts + powders) Industrial Treatment Stages to satisfy environmental regulations on emissions (A draft video has been prepared and will be integrated as activities move further on)

The Soreme Demonstration Facility hot exhausts + powders The SOREME demonstration facility comprises 4 main treatment stages Stage 1 – pre-condition the hot emission Stage 2 – Filtration Fresh air Stage 3 – pressurizing Stage 4 – Adsorption

The Soreme Demonstration Facility First stage – precondition the hot emission 1.Capture and control a suitable amount of hot exhausts from the main gas pipeline 2.Pre-treat the heat gas to lower the temperature by an active heat exchanger The stage is made by 1.Control valves 2.Temperature and pression sensors 3.Flexible (special) pipelines to handle with hot exhaust 4.Flexible pipelines to handle air 5.Specially-designed Heat exchanger 6.Air Pump High temperature exhausts\powders Fresh air Hot air Low temperature exhausts powders to the second stage

The Soreme Demonstration Facility Second stage – Purification 1.Capture and control the particles dusts and powders in the exhausts 2. A second lowering stage for temperature controls The stage is made by 1.Control valves 2.Temperature and pression sensors 3.Flexible pipelines to handle pre treated emission 4.Specially-designed multiple – filtration systems Exhausts from the 1 st stage containing powders

The Soreme Demonstration Facility Third and fourth stage – Presurizing/Adsorption 1. Control the interaction of Soreme Sorbent with pre-treated gas emission 2. Control the gas pressure after the Sorbent-Gas interaction 3. Re-insert the soreme-purified gas in the industrial pipelines 2. To protect the industrial plan from unexpected accidents The stage is made by 1.Control valves 2.Temperature and pression sensors 3.Flexible pipelines to handle pre treated emission 4.Specially-designed – pressurizing systems 5.SOREME specially-designed filter. 6.Protective stage The flow rate of gas to be tested has been fixed around 20÷70 Nm 3 /hour, with aspiration system for exhausted gases able to be tuned within the range also my means on a by-pass discharge directed to the mainstream. Exposure conditions – sizing the process

Technical information – Design Constraints Adsorption Stage On the basis of the SOREME physical characteristics, a filter based on a fixed bed system has been specially designed, using ascending fluxes on the gas to be detected. Physically, the system is composed by a cylindrical matallic bulk body and an internal cavity able to host interchangeable drums, varying in diameter and length, used to host SOREME sorbent (in all its shapes) and arranged on the same support within the filter. The system has been designed in this way in order to be a compromise between the operating conditions during the industrial demonstrations Reconfigurable Soreme Filter Granular Soreme Pellets Soreme

Definition of the dimensions of the filter Dosage of sorbent has been determined on the basis of the results and outcome of tests carried out in the CNR Laboratories in Pisa. The reference data is of 0.25g/Nm 3, which is then correlated with the average value available in literature (estimated as 0.324g/Nm 3 ). Geometric dimensions and other parameters have been fixed according to the availability of materials and devices in the market to be used in the construction of the device, taking into account also: cost/benefits ratio, rapid availability and rapid realization of the device. Flow surface has been fixed to 0.056m 2, corresponding to a ring with the diameter of 0.266m The height of the filtering bed has been fixed to 1 m, in relation to the amount of sorbent to be tested in the industrial phase (i.e m 3 ).

Timing & Conclusions Times required to complete B.4 – aprox. 5/6 wks … despite the delay the industrial demonstration is estimated to be faster What is missing: The formal authorization of the industrial plan Most of the components are special parts, specially designed and customized according to soreme sorbent specifications and usage sites Specialized suppliers ( most SMEs) and relatively expensive components and Specialized system integrators. Once each parts will be available, a calibration phase is forseen before moving the SOREME demonstrator facility to the Industrial Plan Trials will be done at semi-industrial and industrial levels accordingly with the results, the timing and the budget availability After exposure the Soreme Demostrtors filters will be sent to CNR for analysis. For that it is necessary to define and share a PROTOCOL. The tecnico-economic viability requires of soreme sorbent as viable product requires also to face with some regulatory issues related to waste management and to by- product valorization

Thank you for your attention

… contact Danilo Mascolo Chief Innovation & Technology Transfer Officer Via Barberia 13 Bologna

Confindustria Emilia-Romagna Low cost sorbent for reducing mercury emissions Low cost sorbent for reducing mercury emissions SOREME Project 12 month meeting Pisa, 27 January 2014 Life+ 11 ENV/IT/109-SOREME

Oggetto di revisione nellambito del DLGS di recepimento della Direttiva 2010/75/UE relativa alle emissioni industriali Emissioni in area, acqua, suolo Valori limiti Metodi campionamento, analisi e valutazione inquinanti derivanti dagli impianti Criteri e norme tecniche sulle caratteristiche costruttive e funzionali degli impianti Definizione di impianti di incenerimento: qualsiasi unità e attrezzatura tecnica, fissa o mobile, destinata al trattamento termico di rifiuti con o senza recupero del calore prodotto dalla combustione, attraverso lincenerimento mediante ossidazione dei rifiuti, nonché altri processi di trattamento termico, quali ad esempio la pirolisi, la gassificazione ed il processo al plasma, a condizione che le sostanze risultanti dal trattamento siano successivamente incenerite. Nella nozione di impianto di incenerimento si intendono compresi: il sito e tutte le linee di incenerimento, nonché i luoghi di ricezione dei rifiuti in ingresso allo stabilimento, i luoghi di stoccaggio, le installazioni di pretrattamento in loco, i sistemi di alimentazione in rifiuti, in combustibile ausiliario e in aria di combustione, le caldaie, le installazioni di trattamento o stoccaggio in loco dei residui e delle acque reflue, i camini, i dispositivi ed i sistemi di controllo delle operazioni di incenerimento, di registrazione e monitoraggio delle condizioni di incenerimento. Se per il trattamento termico dei rifiuti sono utilizzati processi diversi dallossidazione, quali ad esempio la pirolisi, la gassificazione o il processo al plasma, limpianto di incenerimento dei rifiuti include sia il processo di trattamento termico che il successivo processo di incenerimento. Processo termico ossidazione Processo di incremento paralisi, gassificazione, processo al plasma La normativa sullincremento e coincenerimento di rifiuti

Definizione di impianto di coincenerimento Produzione di energia o materiali attraverso la combustione di rifiuti qualsiasi unità tecnica, fissa o mobile, la cui funzione principale consiste nella produzione di energia o di materiali e che utilizza rifiuti come combustibile normale o accessorio o in cui i rifiuti sono sottoposti a trattamento termico ai fini dello smaltimento, mediante ossidazione dei rifiuti, nonché altri processi di trattamento termico, quali ad esempio la pirolisi, la gassificazione ed il processo al plasma, a condizione che le sostanze risultanti dal trattamento siano successivamente incenerite. Nella nozione di impianto di coincenerimento si intendono compresi: il sito e l'intero impianto, compresi le linee di coincenerimento, la ricezione dei rifiuti in ingresso allo stabilimento e lo stoccaggio, le installazioni di pretrattamento in loco, i sistemi di alimentazione dei rifiuti, del combustibile ausiliario e dell'aria di combustione, i generatori di calore, le apparecchiature di trattamento, movimentazione e stoccaggio in loco delle acque reflue e dei rifiuti risultanti dal processo di coincenerimento, le apparecchiature di trattamento degli effluenti gassosi, i camini, i dispositivi ed i sistemi di controllo delle varie operazioni e di registrazione e monitoraggio delle condizioni di coincenerimento. Se per il trattamento termico dei rifiuti sono utilizzati processi diversi dallossidazione, quali ad esempio la pirolisi, la gassificazione o il processo al plasma, limpianto di coincenerimento dei rifiuti include sia il processo di trattamento termico che il successivo processo di coincenerimento. Se il coincenerimento dei rifiuti avviene in modo che la funzione principale dell'impianto non consista nella produzione di energia o di materiali, bensì nel trattamento termico ai fini dello smaltimento dei rifiuti, l'impianto è considerato un impianto di incenerimento.

Definizione di camino struttura con una o più canne di scarico che fungono da condotto per la fuoriuscita del gas prodotto Residui di lavorazione degli impianti Scorie, ceneri pesanti, solidi di reazione derivanti dal trattamento del gas Fanghi di risulta delle acque reflue Catalizzatori esauriti; carbone attivo esaurito SONO TUTTI RIFIUTI, ALCUNI ANCHE PERICOLOSI Impianti soggetti ad autorizzazione Alcuni sono in IPPC (Integrated Pollution Prevention Control)-All. VIII parte II p. 1.1, 5.2 D.Lgs 152/06 VERIFICARE Altri sono sottoposti ad autorizzazione unica in materia di rifiuti 8Art. 208 D.Lgs 152/06)

CONTENUTI DELLA DOMANDA La domanda per autorizzazione deve contenere: Garanzie che limpianto è costruito e gestito secondo le BAT ( Best Availables Tecniques) Che il calore generato e recuperato per produzione di vapore o energia CONTENUTI DELLAUTORIZZAZIONE Elenco di tutti i rifiuti che si possono trattare nellimpianto e relative quantità Potenza termica dellimpianto Procedure e frequenze di comparamento per controllo delle emissioni nonché punti di comparamento e localizzazione Modalità e termini dei controlli programmati effettuati dallAutorità competente Se si tratta di incenerimento/coincenerimento di rifiuti pericolosi: flussi di massa dei rifiuti pericolosi, loro valori calorifici, nonché info sulle loro caratteristiche inquinanti (presenza di floro, cloro, metalli pesanti) MODALITA GESTIONALI DEGLI IMPIANTI Utilizzo delle BAT per attrezzature di stoccaggio, pretrattamento, movimentazione; occorre ottenere il più alto livello di incenerimento

LAutorità Competenete può sempre imporre prescrizioni particolari sito- specifiche E vietato il coincenerimento di oli contenuti PCB (policlorodifenili)/PCT Scarico o acque reflue Se in IPPC lente allo scarico deve contenere le caratteristiche quantitative e qualitative dello scarico. Inoltre deve indicare i valori limite di scarico. Infine deve contenre prescrizioni tecniche circa autocontrolli e punti di campionamento. TUTTO IL REGIME AMMINISTRATIVO E AUTORIZZATORIO E SOGGETTO AL DLGS 195/2005 SULLA TRASPARENZA E PUBBLICITA DEGLI ATTI TUTTI GLI IMPIANTI ESISTENTI SI DEVONO ADEGUARE ENTRO IL 10 NOVEMBRE 2016 SANZIONI ARRESTO FINO A 2 ANNI PER ESERCIZIO SENZA AUTORIZZAZIONE

Thank you for your attention

… contact Gianluca Rusconi Legal and Lobby Officer Via Barberia 13 Bologna

Technical information Exposure conditions Literature data reports a superficial velocity ranging between m/sec for the abatement of Hg in combustion fumes and contact times ranging between the wide interval of sec. The set up of superficial velocity interval will be subject to further investigation, nevertheless it can be expected to be higher in case of test using powder sorbent and lower in case of test using pellets, having the latter minor exposed surface. In case of powder carbon, the limit in the velocity is given by the constraints represented by the bed fluidification due to the presence of small particles, with the risk of obstruction of detecting devices. The same criteria have been driving the definition of hydraulic retention times, which resulted to be relatively short for the powder sorbent and longer for the pellets. The flow rate of gas to be tested has been fixed around 20÷70 Nm 3 /hour, with aspiration system for exhausted gases able to be tuned within the range also my means on a by-pass discharge directed to the mainstream.