Multilingual Semantic Metadata for law Daniela Tiscornia ITTIG-CNR Workshop on Legal Standard Furore April 6-8

Semantic Legal Initiatives JurWordNet (ITTIG-CNR) LOIS (EDC 22161) Workshop on Legal Standard Furore April 6-8

WordNet’s Family JurWordNet WordNet (WN)(freeware, American English) (Cognitive Science Laboratory Princeton University); EuroWordNet (EUW) (proprietary, European languages) (ILC Institute of Computational Linguistic-Pisa for Italian language); ItalWordNet (IWN)(Italian part of EWN) (IRST-ICT-Trento); Jur-(Ital)WordNet (JWN) (C.N.R. Project: ITTIG Institute of Theory and Techniques for Legal Information, ILC, LOA Laboratory of Applied Ontology). Workshop on Legal Standard Furore April 6-8

JurWordNet JurWordNet From a list of words: < activity, civil action, proceeding, legal proceeding, judicial proceeding, criminal procedure, administrative procedure,civil law suit; To a structured vocabulary: {Activity} Synset: a set of words that can be interchanged in a given context { proceeding} {judicial proceeding, legal proceeding} {criminal procedure} {civil law suit, civil action } {administrative procedure} Workshop on Legal Standard Furore April 6-8

JurWordNet: a Descriptive Vocabulary for Legal Information It is Semantic lexicon for law: extension to the legal area of the Italian part of the EuroWordNet initiative; Methodology: - bottom-up approach; identification of the legal relevant terms from lexical resources and from the main legal information sources; - definition of synsets by semantic relations; - plug-in to the Italian WordNet Workshop on Legal Standard Furore April 6-8

Jur-WordNet JurWordNet Figures: 1000 relevant literals selected from the Italian legislation (15,600 of 33,000 with a Italgiure’s frequency index between 15,000 and 25,000) 2000 syntagms from the 13.372 Italgiure’s syntagms automatically imported and structured from 6495 key words of DOGI (Data bank on Legal Jurisprudence mapped into the JurWordNet DB: 486 terms overlapping, 315 new terms, 2223 syntagms automatically imported. Workshop on Legal Standard Furore April 6-8

The EuroWordNet Architecture JurWordNet The EuroWordNet Architecture Inter Lingual Index ILI record (drive) guidare cavalcare muoversi Italian WordNet III cabalgar conducir mover SpanishWordNet ride drive move EnglishWordNet rijden berijden betragen Dutch WordNet II location 2nd order entity dynamic air traffic traffic road traffic Top ontology Domain ontology I Workshop on Legal Standard Furore April 6-8

Navigating Ital-WN e Jur-WN JurWordNet Workshop on Legal Standard Furore April 6-8

Lexical Ontologies for Legal Information Sharing LOIS- EDC-22161 Lexical Ontologies for Legal Information Sharing www.loisproject.org Duration: 24 months Person Month: 204.5 Participants: ITTIG Institute of Theory and Techniques for Legal Information(IT) CELI (IT) Universidade de Évora (PT) Universiteit Leiden (NL) Czech Republic Academy of Sciences (CZ) Universität Wien (A) University of Sheffield (GB) GoNetwork (IT) CESI Multimedia (IT) Ellis Publications (NL) Workshop on Legal Standard Furore April 6-8

Objectives (general) Localization of WordNets for the legal domain in Italian, English, German, Czech, Portuguese and Dutch; Link among concepts to enable cross-lingual access. Workshop on Legal Standard Furore April 6-8

Access to legislative corpora by unexperienced users; Objectives (User) Access to legislative corpora by unexperienced users; Better retrieval by experienced users; Cross-lingual retrieval across different national law collections; Workshop on Legal Standard Furore April 6-8

Objectives (Applications) Multilingual source of semantic metadata for content description (conceptual standardization); Automatic Classification and Indexing (structuring legal entities); Knowledge Representation, Norms Comparison (formalization of ontological committment). Workshop on Legal Standard Furore April 6-8

Lois Architecture Workshop on Legal Standard Furore April 6-8

National legal WNs The Lexical Data Base conceptualizes general language entities pertaining to legal theory and legal dogmatics (structured according to the EWN methodology) The Legislative data base (EU-National Legal Concept), populated by concepts defined in European and national legislation Workshop on Legal Standard Furore April 6-8

Levels in Legal Language Philosophy of Law Lexical Data Base Legal Theory Legal Dogmatics Judge’s discourse EU-National Legal Concept Legislator’s language Workshop on Legal Standard Furore April 6-8

The Lexical Data Base (about 1600 synsets) synsets are linked by: internal relations cross-lingual relations: eq_synonym,eq_near_synonym,eq_has_hyperonym, eq-has_hyponym, etc. Lexical relations (syn, antonym, near-syn) Semantic relations (Hyper, Hypo, Part-of, Role, Instance, etc.) Workshop on Legal Standard Furore April 6-8

EU-National Legal Concept European Directives EU-National legal document National Legislation ID ID Celex Def.s about 2478 concepts Implemented_as National Legal Concepts eq_synonym ,eq_near_synonym,has_hyperonym Workshop on Legal Standard Furore April 6-8

Structuring the domain (I) Lexical Def. ILI GLOSS - worker_1: a person who works at a specific occupation. EU Def.s: 8.2005-02-02: worker_2: any person who, in the Member State concerned, is protected as an employee under national employment law and in accordance with national practice; 23 2005-02-02: worker_3: any person carrying out an occupation on board a vessel, including trainees and apprentices, but excluding port pilots and shore personnel carrying out work on board a vessel at the quayside; 22. 2005-02-02 worker 4: any person employed by an employer, including trainees and apprentices but excluding domestic servants; 21. 2005-02-02: worker_5: any worker as defined in Article 3 (a) of Directive 89/391/EEC who habitually uses display screen equipment as a significant part of his normal work. Has_hyper Has_hyper Workshop on Legal Standard Furore April 6-8

Structuring the domain (II) Implemented-as Nat. Conc. : device EU concept: device National concept: medical device National concept: active implantable medical device Near-syn Has_hyper Has_hyper Has_hyper Workshop on Legal Standard Furore April 6-8

Structuring the domain (III) Core Ontology: physical object social object EU concept: device National concept: medical device National concept: active implantable medical device Is-subclass-of Has_hyper Has_hyper Workshop on Legal Standard Furore April 6-8

Legal Ontologies Dolce: a Descriptive Ontology for Linguistic and Cognitive Engineering extended to Descriptions and Situations (LOA-CNR.IT , Laboratory for Applied Ontology, part of the Insitute of Cognitive Sciences and Technology- CNR) LRI-Core ontology for law (Amsterdam University) Workshop on Legal Standard Furore April 6-8

Subsuming synsets into the ontological categories of Dolce D&S Non-physical Endurant. - Social Concepts - Roles:legal agent,defendant,owner, asset - Figures: company, Ministry, Committee, -Description:right,duty,promise,norm,liability, contract Situation: crime, marriage,institutional facts... Workshop on Legal Standard Furore April 6-8

Comparing: Entities and Properties in Dolce D&S Analitic metada/text strings in Nir In D&S a norm is a modal description composed by: a Legal subject: (company) who plays a legal role (stock-owner) participating-in a behaviour (selling-stock ) a deontic-attitude(has-duty-to) modalizing a task (make public-balance-sheet) Workshop on Legal Standard Furore April 6-8

Comparing: Entities and Properties in Dolce D&S Analitic metada/text strings in Nir <obligation> <addressee> The Contractor </ addressee > must <action>notify <counter-part> the Commission </ counter-part > <time> twenty days in advance </time> </action> </obligation> Workshop on Legal Standard Furore April 6-8

ONTONOMOS Gruppo Nazionale di Competenza su Ontologie del Diritto e loro Applicazioni Workshop on Legal Standard Furore April 6-8

ONTONOMOS gruppi coinvolti Laboratorio di Ontologia Applicata, ISTC-CNR Nicola Guarino, Aldo Gangemi, Jos Lehmann, Emanuele Bottazzi, Geri Steve Istituto di Teoria e Tecniche dell’Informazione Giuridica, CNR Nicola Palazzolo, Daniela Tiscornia, Carlo Biagioli, Maria Teresa Sagri, Paolo Bussotti Istituto di Linguistica Computazionale, CNR Nicoletta Calzolari, Claudia Soria, Francesca Bertagna Dipartimento di Informatica, Università di Torino Leonardo Lesmo, Guido Boella Dipartimento di Scienze Giuridiche, Università di Torino Piercarlo Rossi, Gianmaria Ajani, Lelio Lantella Dipartimento di Filosofia, Università di Torino Maurizio Ferraris, Tiziana Andina Università di Bologna, Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca in Storia del Diritto, Filosofia e Sociologia del Diritto e Informatica Giuridica, Dipartimento di Informatica, Giovanni Sartor, Monica Palmirani, fabio Vitali Istituto di Filosofia e Sociologia del Diritto, Università di Milano Paolo Di Lucia Workshop on Legal Standard Furore April 6-8

ONTONOMOS partners istituzionali Direzione Generale per i Sistemi Informativi Automatizzati, Ministero della Giustizia Floretta Rolleri Centro Nazionale per l'Informatica nella Pubblica Amministrazione, Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri Caterina Lupo Workshop on Legal Standard Furore April 6-8

ONTONOMOS obbiettivi iniziali Organizzazione giornata di studi su rappresentazione ontologica di normativa diritto di recesso. Scopi: far conoscere a interlocutori istituzionali patrimonio italiano di competenze nel settore ontologie del diritto individuare problemi specifici da affrontare e risolvere tramite approccio ontologico chiarire natura interdisciplinare approccio ontologico evidenziare benefici (per amministrazione pubblica, per cittadino) di un centro di competenza come ONTONOMOS. Workshop on Legal Standard Furore April 6-8