MINISTERO DELLISTRUZIONE DELLUNIVERSITA E DELLA RICERCA COMMISSIONE EUROPEA Presenta Il progetto SAVE MY ENERGY

COMENIUS BIENNIAL PLAN OF EXCHANGE PUPILS And TEACHER SPECIFIC – OBJECTS To develop to the acquaintance and the understanding of European the cultural and linguistics diversity and of its value - To help the young people to acquire the necessary competences of base for the necessary life and competences to the ends of the personal development, the occupation and active the European citizenship. OPERATED OBJECTS to improve the quality and to increase to the volume of mobility of the exchanges of students and teaching staff in several the States members to improve the quality and to increase the volume of the partenership partenership ones between institutes you drained us of several States members, so as to be involved in combined educational activities at least 3 million students in the course of the duration of the program to encourage the learning of modern foreign languages to promote the development, in the field of the permanent learning, of contents, services, pedagogical solutions and innovative praxes base to you on the TIC to improve the quality and the European dimension of the formation of teaching * to improve the pedagogical methodologies and the scholastic management PREVIEWED ACTIVITY Mobility individuals: pupils and teacher * Development of partenership

Whatis the problem? To assure energy, therefore development, to approximately 9 billions of persons, in majority coming from from poor countries, than in the next few years will inhabit the earth

Compatible solution must find one but ….. certainly sustainable which energy for a sostenibile future?

To share the use of pacific the natural resources in shape Cooperation and criteria of common responsibility between countries industrialize and poor countries to you To respect the limits biophysicists of the earth To invest in new technologies and more efficient systems A sustainable solution must hold account of various factors, between which:

It must not only hold account that every source of energy introduces benefits but also costs and in economic terms but also in terms of dangerousness territorial Availability Time Fallen back on the atmosphere Fallen back on the human health Economy and occupation

Elements in order to plan energetic a future Pacific To know for and against of every shape To respect ties acclimatizes them Harmonic development between the people of the earth Criteria of equal acceptabilities for all the people

Unfortunately energy consumptions put into effect it them do not answer at all to sustainable criteria

In fact, while on the earth enormous amounts of energy are burnt, mostly to use of the progressed countries more, many people do not succeed to satisfy their needs primary

Legenda : populations ; Consumptions of energy Diagram between populations and consumptions of energy

80% of all the world-wide energy drift from fossil sources (oil, gas, coal), with one stratospheric carbon dioxide production

But,.. Our planet has the ability to absorb this enormous carbon dioxide emission, approximately 6140 megatonnellate year, deriving from the emission of the human activities? The carbon dioxide comes mostly absorbed from the seas, the oceans for 2400 megatonnellata for every year, and from lands emerged (trees, lagos) for approximately 900 megatonnellate for every year, for a total of 3300 megatonnellate The adverse balance turns out obvious and that is, one is produced to every year advanced carbon dioxide amount regarding the absorbed amount 6140 – 3300 = 2840 megatonnellate (plus of carbon dioxide for every year)

The carbon dioxide is not the only responsible of the effect greenhouse In fact, other gases greenhouse join to carbon dioxide GAS SERRA Carbon dioxide CO 2 Methane CH 4 nitrogenum dioxide NO 2 Clorofluoro carburo 11 CFC- 11 Idrogenofluorocarburo HFC -23 Tetrafluoruro di carbonio CF 4

Livelli di concentrazione e persistenza dei gas serra CO 2 CH 4 NO 2 CFC- 11 HFC- 23 CF 4 Pre-rivoluzione ind.le288 ppmv 848 ppbv 285 ppbv ppmv 1745 ppbv 314 ppbv 268 pptv 14pptv80 pptv Tasso di crescita annuale0,450,60,25 Persistenza media anni50/ GWP(Global Warming Potential) The produced quota CO2 every year from the combustion of the fossilie not absorbed from the planet, permane in atmosphere for 50/200 years. The issued CO2 today sum to those emitted yesterday and to that it will be emitted in next the 100 years, data its times of persistence this is the cause of the breathtaking increase of concentration of CO2 in atmosphere GWP : relationship between the total heating caused in a determined period of time (of usual 100 years) from one particular substance and the heating provoked from the CO2 in the same amount

Gas Concentrazione pre industriale (1860) Concentrazione nel 2000 Vita media atmosferica ( 1 ) Tasso di crescita(% all'anno) ( 2 ) Sorgenti antropogeniche globali (GWP) a 100 anni ( 3 ) Potenziale di riscaldamento attuale (Watt/m 2 ) Vapore acqueo 1 ppc pochi giorni0.20%Tutte quelle citatesotto 0 CO ppm370 ppm anni0.45% Uso dei combustibili fossili (75%), cattiva gestione forestale (n/c), deforestazione (24%), produzione di cemento (0.6%), cattiva gestione dei suoli (n/c) 1 CH ppb1750 ppb12 anni0.60% Estrazione combustibili fossili (20%), dighe/bacini (20%), digestione del bestiame (18%), risaie (17%), discariche (10%), deiezioni animali (7%), emissioni di monossido di carbonio 23 (62 riferito a 20 anni) NO ppb312 ppb120 anni0.25% Cattiva gestione dei suoli (70%), trasporti (14%), processi industriali (7%) 296 CFC 0533 ppt102 anni1%Refrigeranti liquidi, schiume10600 HCFC 0142 ppt12 anni4.20%Refrigeranti liquidi1700 HFC 012 ppt anni5.10% Refrigeranit liquidi, sustituti di CFC e HCFC Perfluorocarburi079 ppt anni1.40% Produzione di alluminio (59%), solventi e altro (26%), incisione al plasma (15%) 5700 Esafluoruro di zolfo SF 6 04,7ppt3200 anni6.30% Produzione di magnesio, fluido dielettrico Trifluorometil-zolfo- pentafluoruro SF 5 CF ppt3500 anni-non noto17500 Ozono troposferico 25 ppb25/26 ppbsettimane Non identificabile Indiretto, a partire dagli inquinanti industriali - Areosol0variabile giorni/settimane (molto variabile) Non identificabile Uso dei combustibili fossili, combustione della biomassa - Directory gas greenhouse, conc., average life, rate increase, GWP, upgrades them heating

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THE DIRECT CONSEQUENCE OF THE ABNORMAL INCREASE OF THE CO2 E' THE CLIMATIC CHANGE THAT, BY NOW, ALL WE PERCEIVE. THE CHANGE OF THE CLIMATE PRESSING REASON FOR WHICH WE MUST REDUCE THE FOSSIL FUEL CONSUMPTIONS DRASTICALLY STILL OF THE INCREASE OF THE COSTS AND THE LESSENING OF THE AVAILABILITY desert floodings

EVOLUTION OF METHANE This is the first world-wide animation that extension the course of methane in three years, from 2003 to Clearly the increase in the boreal regions in summer (from Iup/Ife, Brema/Esa University)

EVOLUTION OF THE CARBON DIOXIDE Every year great amounts of CO2 come absorbed in spring and summer from the vegetation for being rilasciate in autumn and winter with the fall of the leaves. As an example in Europe in summer the colors of the map become green and blue (low CO2) in order to become yellow-ocher in winter. But for stess the area the CO2 amount increases of the 0,5-1% to the other considering the same month (from Iup/Ife for a year, Brema/Esa University)

LE AZIONI INTERNAZIONALI SUL CLIMA LONU installation the world-wide Commission for the atmosphere and the development (World Commission on Environment and Development - WCED ) 1984 Rapporto BRUNDTLAND it defines the sostenebile development like "the development that must answer to the necessities of the present without to compromise the necessities of the future generations LIPCC it publishes the first relationship on the climate

RIO DE JANEIRO – CONFERENCE OF THE UN ON ATMOSPHERE AND DEVELOPMENT THEY PARTICIPATE 178 GOVERNMENTS 108 STATE HEADS 2400 REPRESENTATIVES OF ORGANIZATIONS NOT GOVERNED TO YOU (ONG) IT WOULD HAVE HAD TO PRODUCE ONE "PAPER Of the TERRA"su WHICH TO FOUND ONE RISEN OF WORLD-WIDE ECOLOGICAL CONSTITUTION BUT LIMITO' INSTEAD PRODUCING LITTLE BINDING LEGAL TRANSACTIONS LIPCC RELATIONSHIP PUBLISHES ITS 2° In WHICH The 2000 SCIENTISTS OF ALL The WORLD WHO HAVE WORKED To YOU SPEAK ABOUT IRREVERSIBLE PROCESS IN ACTION

1997 KYOTO – PRESENT DELEGATED AND OBSERVATORIES - COMPANY THE IMPLEMENTING PROTOCOL OF THE CONVENTION THE KYOTO PROTOCOL PREVIEWS Total heating of the planet indicates objects it to you International for the reduction of gases greenhouse Al 2012 le emissioni dovranno ridursi in media del 5,2 %rispetto al livello del 1990 (8% Unione Europea; 7% U.S.A. ; 6% Giappone; O% Russia) Only 39 Countries more develop to you will have to reduce the emissions. The poor Countries are not comprised in the reductions

The CHOICES Of the EUROPEAN UNION AFTER KYOTO the conclusions of the Council of Ministers of the Atmosphere of the European Union (10 March 2005) and of the Presidency of the European Council (23 March 2005) indicate: The increase of the medium T must be <2°C regarding the period pre- manufacturer Emissions of CO2 under 500 ppmv Reduction CO2 within 2020 of the 15-30% and the 60-80% within 2050 respect parameters of Kyoto Involvement of all the countries, industrializes to you and not

Kyoto Objective the 15 countries of the European Union (the first signers to the K.P.) - UE-15, must reduce the emissions greenhouse, in period , of 8% regarding 1990 Forecast EU-15 al With the measures it puts into effect them is previewed to catch up a value of - 1.6% regarding the year base With the additional measures it is previewed to catch up a value of -6,8% With the flexible mechanisms of the Protocol of Kyoto are previewed to catch up a value of -9,3%

Tabella 1: Emissioni di gas a effetto serra in CO2 equivalenti (a eccezione dei pozzi di assorbimento del carbonio) e obiettivi del Protocollo di Kyoto per il di alcuni Paesi dellUE-15 STATO MEMBRO1990 (MILION I DI TONNEL LATE) ANNO DI RIFERI M. (MIL. DI TON) 2005 (MIL. DI TON.) CAMBIAME NTO (MIL.DI TON.) CAMBIA MENTO (%) CAMBI AMENT O (%) CAMBIA M.ANNO RIFER200 5 (%) OBIETTIVO PROT. KYOTO E CONDIV.ONER I UE - % GERMANIA 1227,91232,51001,5-23,5-2,3% -18,4 -18,7 -21% ITALIA 519,5 582,21,70,3 12,1 -6,5 LITUANIA 48,1 22,61,57, ,1 -8 OLANDA ,6212,1-6,3-2,9 -0,4 -1,1 -6 UE a 15: Austria, Belgio, Danimarca, Finlandia, Francia, Germania, Grecia, Irlanda, Italia, Lussemburgo, Paesi Bassi, Portogallo, Regno Unito, Spagna, Svezia.

What to make ? Objective U.E. within the 2010 To produce to 22% of the electric power from sources renewable Eolico: MW of new ability to it upsets some eoliche Solare termico:35 milioni di mq. di installazioni Fotovoltatico: 1500 MWp di installazioni Mini- idraulico:2000 MW di nuova capacità di mini centrali Biogas: 6000 nuovi impianti di biogas Produrre il 7,5% di carburanti da biocombustibili Bioetanolo: quintuplicare la produzione di bioetanolo Biodiesel: triplicare la produzione di biodiesel

Objective Europa Like consuming better wasting less ( Comm.Europea – libro verde sullefficienza energetica, del 22 giugno 2005 ) Greater efficiency in order to reduce of 20% the energy consumptions Result: Reduction of the imports; Technological innovation; Creation of workplaces

Renewable and alternatives energy Sources For energies alternatives we mean all those that do not come from fossil sources like: the oil, the gas, the coal. Between the alternatives the energy can be considered also nuclear that but is not one rinnovabile energy. The rinnovabili energies are all those that derive from sources that they can be considered inexhaustible. Their exploitation does not make to diminish their entity in how much is renewed continuously. One important characteristic of the rinnovabili sources is that they introduce impact acclimatize them negligible, as far as the release of polluting in the air and the water; moreover the engagement of territory, even if immense, is temporary and it does not provoke neither irreversible effects, neither it demands expensive processes of restoration. Between the energies renewable of it they make part:, eolica, hydroelectric, geothermal solar energy, biomass, marine energy... even if to think to us are well from before, just from the Sun, that the others derive all.