Sensori e smart cities Una possibilità per l’innovazione tecnologica nella gestione del territorio

A city where ICT is merged with traditional infrastructures, using new digital technologies. Cities are becoming smart not only in terms of the way we can automate routine functions serving individual persons, buildings, traffic systems but in ways that enable us to monitor, understand, analyse and plan the city to improve the efficiency, equity and quality of life for its citizens in real time.

A few points of concern: ● Developing a new understanding of urban problems ● Coordinate urban technologies ● Models/methods to use urban data across spatial and temporal scales ● Developing new technologies for communication and dissemination ● Developing new forms of urban governance and organisation ● Defining critical problems relating to cities, transport, and energy ● Identifying risk, uncertainty, and hazards in the smart city

The areas supported by the Global Earth Observation System

A few examples follow..

Servizio Prevenzione Rischi Ufficio Dighe provincia di Trento Understanding our world…

People flow in Rome: red areas= slow motion, green areas= fast motion

Selecting phone calls from foreign numbers: points of accumulation of tourists

The Copenhagen Wheel Several sensors in a byke wheels (data on CO and NO abundace, temperature, noise, umidity)

Data visualization from Copenhagen wheel

Sensors as a watch to be used during the visit in the city: data transmitted to a server “Body” Sensors Montre Vert Project in Paris

Montre Verte City Pulse: map of air and noise pollution

Sensors give environmental, weather, car traffic and noise information City Sense, Harvard University

Daily flows between and at hubs on the London rail network from oyster card data. Movement on public transport in large cities is increasingly made by passengers using cards that are loaded with cash to facilitate more than one journey

Dataset of GPS tracks from approximately 20,000 private cars sensed over a period of one week in the metropolitan area of Milan, Italy

Spatial distribution of the daily individual mobility derived from GPS private car data Spatial distribution of the daily travelled distances ( Boltzmann law?)

A Polish project to collect data from a network of Geiger sensor distributed over the world and to make them available on a smart map (partner of BOINC project)

Quake Catcher Network A project to collect data from a network of seismic sensor distributed over the world and to make them available on a smart map (partner of BOINC project)

How to access and distribute such information? ● Territory governance will only be possible by a better knowledge This requires two elements: - Sensors - Internet connections

 Campo magnetico  Imbibizione  Nanosensori  Ossigeno  Acidità PH  Prossimità  Risonanza  Vibrazione  Torsione  Ultrasuoni  Vuoto  Viscosità  Imbardata  Ottici  Chimici  Pressione  Gas  Accelerometri  Acustici  Biosensori  Posizione  Flussi  Umidità  Temperatura  Inclinazione  Livello  Forza Which sensors?.. A few examples..

Phidgets.com: list of sensors

How to read and integrate these sensors?

Hardware leggero per la creazione di reti di sensori Single Board Computer (Phidgets)

The Arduino small board

Plug computer (Globalscale Technologies) Un plug computer è sostanzialmente un server, di dimensioni e consumi contenuti, in grado di offrire dei servizi di rete. Lasciato sempre acceso, fornisce l'accesso a dati e applicazioni all'interno di una rete locale o tramite Internet e può erogare senza difficoltà servizi web-based.

Le Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)

Una Smart Box multi-sensore

Hardware commercializzato da Phidgets

Raspberry Pi Development kit

Nokia Eco Sensor Concept Where to use sensors? In connection to smart phones? ● About 22 % of the people in the UK have a smart phone, with a large increase rate. It is expected by 2015 a total penetration by smart phones on the market. Other estimates: 2 billion smart phone users within 2022: dominant mode of accessing the information ● Within the next twenty years, most of the data that we will use to understand cities will come from digital sensors.

How to make information available to people?

BOINC Project (Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing Utilizzato in molte applicazioni anche per gestire i dati da sensori remoti Esempio: Adesso disponibile anche su piattaforma Android